{"id":6874,"date":"2023-07-10T11:18:34","date_gmt":"2023-07-10T11:18:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/informe-resumido"},"modified":"2024-04-23T05:30:22","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T05:30:22","slug":"informe-resumido","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/es\/informe-resumido","title":{"rendered":"Informe resumido"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6874\" class=\"elementor elementor-6874 elementor-625\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#E4EBEE\" data-dce-background-image-url=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/21_Dehesa_ES_CsabaCenteri.jpg\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da3717 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9da3717\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e56e640 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e56e640\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f079bb1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f079bb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">sobre la formaci\u00f3n profesional de los profesionales de la trashumancia<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6569f9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6569f9e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4ad5fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4ad5fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ffdfe elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74ffdfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/home\">Inicio<\/a><\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fecf7f elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6fecf7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&gt;<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-358edc5 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"358edc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Informe resumido<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c16f19 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4c16f19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-428bc21 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"428bc21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/es\/transfarm_final_summaryreport\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-download\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Descargar PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d31768a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d31768a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b66af3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b66af3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3764953 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3764953\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:70,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:55,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;laptop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea95914 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"ea95914\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;collapse_subitems&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;vh&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;vh&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;vh&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__ea95914\" class=\"elementor-toc__body elementor-toc__list-items--collapsible\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54933f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54933f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af9d9c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af9d9c2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc63f28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc63f28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8198872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8198872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El proyecto TRANSFARM (Educaci\u00f3n y formaci\u00f3n profesional para practicantes de la trashumancia), financiado por el programa de financiaci\u00f3n ERASMUS+, tiene como objetivo capacitar a los practicantes de la trashumancia y a los empresarios rurales que deseen iniciar o mantener pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia y proporcionarles material de formaci\u00f3n. Al mismo tiempo, el proyecto desea concienciar sobre la trashumancia, haciendo especial hincapi\u00e9 en sus beneficios para el desarrollo rural, la gesti\u00f3n del paisaje y la biodiversidad. El proyecto TRANSFARM, que comenz\u00f3 en diciembre de 2021 y finalizar\u00e1 en mayo de 2024, cuenta con siete socios de varios pa\u00edses europeos: el Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n sobre Paisajes Agr\u00edcolas Europeos e.V. (DE), Hof und Leben (DE), OnProjects (ES), la Universidad T\u00e9cnica de Zvolen (SK), la Universidad Arist\u00f3teles de Sal\u00f3nica (GR), la Organizaci\u00f3n Europea de Propietarios de Tierras (BE) y la Universidad Noruega de Ciencias de la Vida (NO), esta \u00faltima coordinadora del proyecto. Adem\u00e1s, el proyecto cuenta con tres socios asociados: El Centro Polaco de Asesoramiento y Formaci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola (PL), el Instituto Noruego de Bioeconom\u00eda (NO) y VetAgroSup (FR).   <\/p>\n<p>Para que se considere trashumancia dentro del proyecto TRANSFARM, el ganado debe ir acompa\u00f1ado de personas. Para distinguir entre los distintos tipos de pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia, se han utilizado caracter\u00edsticas como el rango, la distancia y la direcci\u00f3n del movimiento de elevaci\u00f3n. Por ejemplo, la trashumancia vertical tiene lugar entre las tierras bajas y los valles de monta\u00f1a y los pastos de monta\u00f1a de gran altitud, como puede observarse en los Alpes y Escandinavia. La trashumancia horizontal se refiere a un movimiento continuo del ganado sin grandes diferencias de altitud.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28f4b7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28f4b7d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5393b75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5393b75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201cDesplazamiento estacional y a larga distancia del ganado entre pastos fijos a distancias variables de la explotaci\u00f3n permanente\u201d\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e2b2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63e2b2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Definici\u00f3n de trashumancia (para las definiciones de los t\u00e9rminos, v\u00e9ase el glosario en el sitio web de Transfarm).<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa10616 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa10616\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sin embargo, desde una perspectiva europea, la trashumancia abarca una amplia gama de pr\u00e1cticas que se resisten a una definici\u00f3n clara. M\u00e1s recientemente, la gesti\u00f3n del paisaje ha surgido como un objetivo predominante de la trashumancia, y el uso cada vez mayor de medios de transporte modernos y herramientas tecnol\u00f3gicas (por ejemplo, la tecnolog\u00eda sin vallas mediante collares con transmisores GPS) han diversificado totalmente las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia. Adem\u00e1s, se producen transiciones hacia pr\u00e1cticas que comprenden el desplazamiento del ganado entre los pastos, as\u00ed como de las personas que cuidan del ganado; sin embargo, el grado en que el ganado es atendido en persona est\u00e1 disminuyendo debido a los avances tecnol\u00f3gicos. Como uno de los primeros pasos del proyecto TRANSFARM, los socios recopilaron en Informes Nacionales una visi\u00f3n general sobre la situaci\u00f3n actual de la trashumancia en sus respectivos pa\u00edses: Francia, Alemania, Grecia, Hungr\u00eda, Italia, los Pa\u00edses Bajos (incluidos B\u00e9lgica y los Pa\u00edses Bajos), Noruega, Eslovaquia y Espa\u00f1a. Estos informes detallados est\u00e1n disponibles en la <a href=\"\">p\u00e1gina web del proyecto<\/a>.    <\/p>\n<p>Como complemento a los Informes Nacionales, este Informe Resumido recopila la informaci\u00f3n de los Informes en una visi\u00f3n general a trav\u00e9s de las fronteras nacionales con el objetivo de presentar el estado de las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia a escala continental, en contraste con la escala nacional. La informaci\u00f3n presentada en este informe sigue una estructura similar para todos los Informes Nacionales y responde a una serie de preguntas acordadas por los socios del proyecto para garantizar la coherencia. Los temas tratados incluyen el alcance actual y la concienciaci\u00f3n sobre la trashumancia, las ofertas educativas, as\u00ed como los retos para los profesionales de la trashumancia. Este Informe Resumido ofrece informaci\u00f3n sobre la trashumancia de forma muy resumida. Se ruega a los lectores interesados que consulten la secci\u00f3n \u00abBibliograf\u00eda y recursos adicionales\u00bb y los Informes Nacionales para obtener m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica sobre cada pa\u00eds. Adem\u00e1s, se a\u00f1adir\u00e1n cuadros de texto a la versi\u00f3n en l\u00ednea de este Informe de s\u00edntesis para proporcionar a\u00fan m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n adicional.     <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2980ea2 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2980ea2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:409,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00cdndice\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2980ea2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Abrir la tabla de contenidos\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2980ea2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Cerrar la tabla de contenidos\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2980ea2\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b161f25 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b161f25\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-261eb03 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"261eb03\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5f8a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5f8a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zonas actuales de trashumancia<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81867b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e81867b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La trashumancia se practica actualmente en todos los pa\u00edses del proyecto, salvo en los Pa\u00edses Bajos, que, por tanto, ya no se tendr\u00e1n en cuenta en el resto del informe.<\/p>\n<p>Los pastos de verano (donde pasta el ganado) se encuentran en zonas monta\u00f1osas, as\u00ed como en otras zonas de producci\u00f3n de cultivos marginales (por ejemplo, marismas y brezales), mientras que los pastos de invierno suelen situarse en las tierras bajas.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1s recientemente, las zonas urbanas y periurbanas (adyacentes a las ciudades) han empezado a utilizarse para la trashumancia.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e0b930 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e0b930\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7193520 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"7193520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:500,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-15-105133.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"7193520\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figura 1. Extensi\u00f3n actual de la trashumancia en Europa en los pa\u00edses considerados en el proyecto. Actualmente no se practica la trashumancia en B\u00e9lgica y los Pa\u00edses Bajos.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDExMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvU2NyZWVuc2hvdC0yMDI0LTAyLTE1LTEwNTEzMy5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI3MTkzNTIwIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-15-105133.png\" data-width=\"1188\" data-height=\"820\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c58f685 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c58f685\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 1.<\/strong> Extensi\u00f3n actual de la trashumancia en Europa en los pa\u00edses considerados en el proyecto. Actualmente no se practica la trashumancia en B\u00e9lgica y los Pa\u00edses Bajos. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d73036 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d73036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Trashumancia urbana<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La trashumancia urbana (o ecopastoralismo) comprende el pastoreo de ganado en \u00e1reas urbanas y periurbanas. En Francia, esta forma de gestionar los espacios verdes urbanos de manera respetuosa con el medio ambiente es cada vez m\u00e1s utilizada por los municipios, pero tambi\u00e9n por las empresas, por ejemplo, en la regi\u00f3n de Par\u00eds. La trashumancia urbana apoya la concienciaci\u00f3n, ya que lleva la trashumancia, que normalmente ocurre en \u00e1reas rurales y, a menudo, remotas, a \u00e1reas donde vive mucha gente.  <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cab6451 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cab6451\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"history\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c7573b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c7573b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d53e2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d53e2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historia<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7bc3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7bc3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En los pa\u00edses socios del centro y el sur de Europa, la pr\u00e1ctica de la trashumancia comenz\u00f3 ya en el Neol\u00edtico, que es la \u00e9poca en que se inici\u00f3 la agricultura. En cambio, en Eslovaquia y Hungr\u00eda la trashumancia se introdujo por primera vez durante la Edad Media. A lo largo de la historia, la trashumancia aument\u00f3 y disminuy\u00f3 en funci\u00f3n de los acontecimientos espec\u00edficos de cada pa\u00eds y regi\u00f3n. Sin embargo, lo que une a todos los pa\u00edses es la actual tendencia a la disminuci\u00f3n de las pr\u00e1cticas trashumantes en la era moderna.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc70b43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-template\" data-id=\"cc70b43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"dyncontel-template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"6611\" class=\"elementor elementor-6611 dce-elementor-rendering-id-1 elementor-797\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b75927c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b75927c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-advanced-background-color=\"#648A00\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41d688c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"41d688c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;enable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"69036172\" aria-label=\"Pesta\u00f1as. Abre elementos con Intro o Espacio, ci\u00e9rralos con Escape y navega con las fechas.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361721\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361721\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tGrecia\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361722\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361722\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tItalia\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361723\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361723\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFrancia\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361724\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361724\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tEspa\u00f1a\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361725\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361725\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tNoruega\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361726\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361726\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tEslovaquia\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361727\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361727\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tHungr\u00eda\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361721\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361721\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-83b468e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"83b468e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38868ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"38868ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Neol\u00edtico <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6500 - 3200 aC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">La trashumancia se remonta al Neol\u00edtico<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Bronce<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>3200 - 1200 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Hierro*<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1200 \u2013 800 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">*tambi\u00e9n llamado Edad Oscura Griega<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Antig\u00fcedad Cl\u00e1sica<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>800 a.C. \u2013 324 d.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Escritores como Heredoto, Arist\u00f3teles y Esquilo mencionan la trashumancia en sus escritos (c. 500 - 300 a. C.)<br \/>\n<br \/>\nPer\u00edodo Romano (146 - 330 d. C.): creaci\u00f3n de extensos pastizales y desarrollo de la trashumancia; desaliento de la ganader\u00eda de labranza debido a las crisis pol\u00edticas<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad Media<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>324 \u2013 1453 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Se crean extensos pastizales y se desarrolla la trashumancia<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Per\u00edodo otomano<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1453 \u2013 1821<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Se desarroll\u00f3 el sistema n\u00f3mada de cr\u00eda de animales y la creaci\u00f3n de \"Tsiflikia\"<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Durante el siglo XX<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Pastizales convertidos en campos, p\u00e9rdida de pastizales especialmente en invierno<br \/>\n<br \/>\nGuerra greco-turca (1919-1922): Reclutamiento de practicantes de la trashumancia<br \/>\n<br \/>\nDespu\u00e9s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial: declive de la trashumancia debido a la migraci\u00f3n tanto interna como externa<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Era Moderna<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Recientemente, ha habido una disminuci\u00f3n en el n\u00famero de granjas pero un aumento en el n\u00famero de animales por granja.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361722\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361722\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-20eabb3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"20eabb3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5791ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"e5791ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Neol\u00edtico <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6000 - 2300 aC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">La evidencia arqueol\u00f3gica de la trashumancia en el norte de Italia se remonta a la Edad Prehist\u00f3rica (es decir, antes de que las fuentes escritas est\u00e9n disponibles)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Bronce <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>2300 - 950 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Hierro<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>950 - 753 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Antigua Roma<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>753 aC - 476 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">La trashumancia practicada durante la \u00e9poca romana en el sur y el norte de Italia<br \/>\n<br \/>\nEvidencia de la pr\u00e1ctica de la trashumancia del 500 al 300 a. C. en el centro y sur de Italia<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>111 aC: Lex agraria ( ley agraria) :<\/strong> regula el uso de pastos p\u00fablicos y caminos donde se transportaba ganado<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad Media <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>476 - 1492 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Desde los a\u00f1os 1100:<\/strong> la trashumancia y las actividades conexas adquieren un papel clave en las decisiones pol\u00edticas y econ\u00f3micas en el norte de Italia<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1330:<\/strong> Se redactan las costumbres de la trashumancia reguladas por los estatutos locales.<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1447:<\/strong> 'Aduana Real de Transporte de Ovejas': Convierte una actividad de subsistencia gradualmente en una producci\u00f3n orientada al mercado en el sur de Italia<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Era Moderna<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1492 -<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>1809:<\/strong> Nueva ley de Napole\u00f3n, la 'Real Costumbre de Transporte de Ovejas'<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1820:<\/strong> Editto delle chiudende (enclosur e act) en Cerde\u00f1a<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1856:<\/strong> Abolici\u00f3n del antiguo derecho de libre pastoreo en campos privados despu\u00e9s de la cosecha en el norte de Italia<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1865:<\/strong> Privatizaci\u00f3n de terrenos p\u00fablicos utilizados para la trashumancia, con la excepci\u00f3n de refugios y rutas de trashumancia , en el sur de Italia.<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Decadencia de la trashumancia:<\/strong> A comienzos del siglo XX, el n\u00famero de ovejas y pastores se redujo en casi dos tercios en comparaci\u00f3n con el siglo XVIII en el sur de Italia<br \/>\nDesde alrededor de 1950 fuerte declive de todo tipo de trashumancia<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAumento reciente del n\u00famero de animales involucrados en la trashumancia en algunas \u00e1reas<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361723\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361723\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-dcc3cc3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dcc3cc3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4a0931 elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"b4a0931\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Neol\u00edtico <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6000 - 2200 aC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Hace 7000 a\u00f1os:<\/strong> existencia de una forma de trashumancia en los Alpes del Sur documentada por hallazgos arqueol\u00f3gicos<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Hace 5000 a\u00f1os:<\/strong> movimiento estacional entre llanuras y monta\u00f1as en los Alpes y el \u00e1rea de Provenza<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Bronce <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>2200 - 800 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Hierro <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>800 - 100 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Gayl romano <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>100 aC - 476 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad Media<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>476 - 1453 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Desde el siglo XII :<\/strong> Se documenta la trashumancia de las ovejas de los pastos de las tierras altas a las llanuras (Macizo Central y Vosgos)<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Siglo XIII:<\/strong> los grandes monasterios (p. ej., en Marsella) llevan su ganado de las llanuras a las monta\u00f1as<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Desde el siglo XIV hasta el siglo XIX:<\/strong> todos los grandes reba\u00f1os de ovejas del sur de Francia participan en la trashumancia<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Era Moderna<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1492 -<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Durante el siglo XIX: La trashumancia de las ovejas alcanza su punto m\u00e1ximo pero declina despu\u00e9s de 1850; ca\u00edda en el precio de la lana, aumento de la demanda de carne debido a la urbanizaci\u00f3n, cambio en la producci\u00f3n de carne y fuerte ca\u00edda en la producci\u00f3n de ovejas<br \/>\n<br \/>\nReba\u00f1o de ovejas franc\u00e9s en n\u00famero m\u00ednimo en 1950, nueva disminuci\u00f3n desde la d\u00e9cada de 1980<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361724\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361724\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5951a26 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5951a26\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00b7baf elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"00b7baf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Neol\u00edtico <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6000 - 2300 aC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Los restos ovinos constituyen la principal <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0244139\">evidencia arqueozool\u00f3gica<\/a> de la presencia de grupos humanos del Neol\u00edtico inferior en las tierras altas de los Pirineos Meridionales, con una antig\u00fcedad estimada de unos 7300 a\u00f1os<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Bronce<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>2300 - 800 BC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><br \/>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/cvz\/2697\">La trashumancia consiste principalmente en movimientos menores de ganado entre monta\u00f1as y valles dentro del mismo territorio \u00e9tnico<\/a><br \/>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Hierro <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>800 a. C. - 218 a. C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Gran importancia de la ganader\u00eda para los pueblos prerromanos de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica profunda, especialmente en lo que se refiere a los grupos meseta, como los vetones y los vacceos<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Hispania romana<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>218 a.C. \u2013 410 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Poblaciones mayoritariamente asentadas en aldeas excepto las de la B\u00e9tica y Levante; ganader\u00eda concentrada en los n\u00facleos de poblaci\u00f3n<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAlusiones a la riqueza ganadera de la meseta peninsular (en Lusitania y Celtiberia)<br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa evidencia hist\u00f3rica de la trashumancia es escasa y ambigua; sin embargo; algunas fuentes se\u00f1alan casos de ciudades en posesi\u00f3n de tierras en zonas eminentemente pastoriles y la presencia continua de emigrantes de determinadas zonas en zonas complementarias de pastoreo<br \/>\n<br \/>\nLas fuentes cl\u00e1sicas, en particular Tito Livio, est\u00e1n abiertas a una interpretaci\u00f3n \u00abpastoral\u00bb<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad Media<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>410 dC - 1492<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>410 Lex Visigothorum ( <a href=\"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/cvz\/2692#ftn72\">Ley Visigoda<\/a> ) :<\/strong> Garantizaba el libre tr\u00e1nsito de reba\u00f1os y animales por la v\u00eda p\u00fablica y establec\u00eda un procedimiento para la recuperaci\u00f3n de las bestias extraviadas que se ha considerado un precedente de lo que en el futuro ser\u00eda la Mesta.<br \/>\n<br \/>\n711 <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.csic.es\/handle\/10261\/194654\">Conquista musulmana<\/a>: Utilizaci\u00f3n muy centrada en las ovejas.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nSe mantiene la trashumancia con las estructuras anteriores. La mejora gen\u00e9tica la produce la poblaci\u00f3n bereber; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.solienses.com\/archivos\/biblioteca\/dehesaytrashumancia.pdf\">aparece la raza Merino<\/a>. <br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Guerras de reconquista (722-1492):<\/strong> interrumpir ciertos movimientos a trav\u00e9s de las fronteras<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1273:<\/strong> el rey de Castilla crea una asociaci\u00f3n profesional de criadores de merinos<br \/>\n<br \/>\nMayor cr\u00eda de ovejas merinas durante la Baja Edad Media y la Era Moderna<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Era Moderna<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1492 - 1814<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Mayor cr\u00eda de ovejas merinas durante la Baja Edad Media y la Era Moderna<br \/>\n<br \/>\n1500: hasta 5 millones de cabezas de ganado viajar\u00edan a lo largo de las rutas de trashumancia<br \/>\n<br \/>\n1760 Se levant\u00f3 la prohibici\u00f3n de exportar ovejas merinas<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Era Contempor\u00e1nea<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1814 - presente<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Finales de 1800:<\/strong> se construyeron l\u00edneas ferroviarias que conectaban el sur y el norte y se transport\u00f3 ganado en tren<br \/>\n<br \/>\nLas rutas de trashumancia quedan fuera de uso<br \/>\n<br \/>\nLos pastos de invierno est\u00e1n en uso hasta mediados o finales de junio en lugar de principios o mediados de mayo, esto puede haber resultado en un sobrepastoreo<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Despu\u00e9s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial:<\/strong> las nuevas fibras afectan la rentabilidad de la producci\u00f3n de lana, la industrializaci\u00f3n y el \u00e9xodo rural posterior hacen de la trashumancia una actividad marginal<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361725\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361725\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-47c146c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"47c146c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3581aee elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"3581aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Neol\u00edtico <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>4000 - 1800 aC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Neol\u00edtico tard\u00edo (2400 - 1800 a. C.):<\/strong> rastros tempranos del uso pastoral de las \u00e1reas monta\u00f1osas, pero no hay evidencia para determinar si esto est\u00e1 relacionado con la agricultura estacional<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Bronce<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1800 - 500 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Establecimiento de la agricultura estacional tal vez ya antes de la Edad del Hierro.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Hierro<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>500 a.C. \u2013 1050 d.C<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Establecimiento de agricultura de temporada.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nExpansi\u00f3n durante la era vikinga (800 - 1050 dC)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad Media<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1050 - 1537 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Expansi\u00f3n a principios de la Edad Media<br \/>\n<br \/>\n1300: Peste Negra, retracci\u00f3n de la agricultura, abandono de la agricultura estacional<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Era Moderna<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1537 -  <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">1500, 1600, 1700: Nueva expansi\u00f3n; las granjas estacionales podr\u00edan volver a convertirse en granjas permanentes<br \/>\n<br \/>\nMayor n\u00famero de granjas estacionales en uso en la d\u00e9cada de 1850<br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa agricultura estacional disminuye despu\u00e9s de 1850<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361726\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361726\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3219d48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3219d48\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59445eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"59445eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Neol\u00edtico <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>5000 - 1900 aC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Bronce<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1900 aC - 700 aC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Hierro <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>700 aC \u2013 0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>\u00c9poca romana <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>100 - 400 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad Media<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>400 - 1500 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Durante el feudalismo (800-1850):<\/strong> Se establecieron granjas comunales y un sistema de pastoreo colectivo.<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1200:<\/strong> la trashumancia comenz\u00f3 con la colonizaci\u00f3n de Valaquia<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1400-1800:<\/strong> la trashumancia se practica intensamente<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Era Moderna<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1500 dC -<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Finales de 1800:<\/strong> La cr\u00eda de ovejas comenz\u00f3 a declinar; hasta 1920 el n\u00famero de ovejas disminuy\u00f3 en cuatro quintas partes<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1935:<\/strong> Renacimiento de la cr\u00eda de ovejas con el establecimiento del Instituto Estatal de Ovejas y Lana.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa fuerte disminuci\u00f3n en el n\u00famero de ovejas y trashumancia de la <strong>d\u00e9cada de 1950<\/strong> despu\u00e9s de dos guerras mundiales y reformas comunistas<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>2021:<\/strong> el n\u00famero de ovejas se ha reducido a la mitad desde 1990<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361727\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361727\" data-tab-index=\"7\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-bd51f7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bd51f7a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f1ec7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"1f1ec7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Neol\u00edtico <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6000 - 3000 aC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Bronce <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>3000 - 900 a.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad del Hierro <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>900 aC - 100 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>\u00c9poca romana<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>100 \u2013 476 d.C.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Edad Media <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>476 - 1500 dC<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">1363 La trashumancia se menciona por primera vez, el movimiento entre Transilvania y Valaquia, sin embargo, la trashumancia no estaba muy extendida.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Era Moderna<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1500 dC -<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Siglo XVII:<\/strong> Auge de la trashumancia; Las monta\u00f1as de los C\u00e1rpatos orientales se utilizan como pastos de verano, pastos de invierno en Banat, a lo largo de los r\u00edos de Moldavia o rara vez en las tierras bajas h\u00fangaras.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nDespu\u00e9s de 1718, las principales \u00e1reas de pastos de invierno se convirtieron en Dobrogea, las tierras bajas de B\u0103r\u0103gan, el valle de Prut y Seret.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nSegunda mitad del siglo XVIII, los reba\u00f1os de ovejas de Transilvania pasan el invierno al este o al sur de los C\u00e1rpatos.<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Siglo XIX:<\/strong> la trashumancia se volvi\u00f3 dif\u00edcil debido al cambio de propiedad de las monta\u00f1as transcapacianas, el creciente n\u00famero de asentamientos, en 1864 con la reforma agr\u00edcola rumana, la regulaci\u00f3n del r\u00edo Danubio y el auge de los cereales de Valachia.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nEn 1884 todav\u00eda 615000 ovejas pastaban en los C\u00e1rpatos.<br \/>\nLa guerra aduanera austr\u00edaco-h\u00fangara-rumana (1886 - 1891) puso fin a la forma tradicional de trashumancia de la gente de Transilvania.<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Hasta principios del siglo XX:<\/strong> Desaparecieron los pastos de invierno para la trashumancia de las tierras bajas debido a la regulaci\u00f3n de los r\u00edos y la subdivisi\u00f3n de los campos; los pastos de verano existieron entre 1880 y 1960<br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa gesti\u00f3n del paisaje como prop\u00f3sito importante de la trashumancia<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dec9a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3dec9a0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee2deec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee2deec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-156d123 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"156d123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ganader\u00eda<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f028379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f028379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Los tipos de ganado m\u00e1s comunes utilizados para la trashumancia en los pa\u00edses socios del proyecto que se han identificado son el ovino, el caprino y el bovino;<\/p>\n<p>En menor medida, tambi\u00e9n se ha detectado la presencia de caballos y b\u00fafalos en la trashumancia;<\/p>\n<p>En algunos pa\u00edses, se utilizan animales de acompa\u00f1amiento para el transporte (burros) y la protecci\u00f3n (perros). Estos animales se utilizan para pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia y no son los animales que se pastorean; <\/p>\n<p>En varios pa\u00edses se utilizan tanto razas regionales como locales para la trashumancia (Figura 2). A largo plazo, esto ayuda a mantener una diversidad de razas diferentes. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb03945 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cb03945\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14fae45 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"14fae45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:500,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:500,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"14fae45\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figura 2. Tipos de razas ganaderas locales y regionales utilizadas para las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia en Europa\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDExOSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXJhLTIuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMTRmYWU0NSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-2.jpg\" data-width=\"2353\" data-height=\"2238\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aa0a48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9aa0a48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 2.<\/strong> Tipos de razas ganaderas locales y regionales utilizadas para las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia en Europa; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/figures\/major-mountain-ranges-of-europe-1\">mapa de fondo<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c63c5a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c63c5a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eff15f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3eff15f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tabla 2.<\/strong> N\u00famero estimado de cabezas de ganado dedicadas a la trashumancia por pa\u00eds socio del proyecto.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e691d30 eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"e691d30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"e691d30\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-e691d30\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-e691d30\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Pa\u00edses<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Francia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Alemania<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Grecia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Hungr\u00eda<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Italia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Noruega<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Eslovaquia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Espa\u00f1a<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">N\u00famero de cabezas de ganado<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Alpes y Provenza: 770.000 ovejas,<\/p>\n<p>90.000 bovinos,<\/p>\n<p>15.000 caprinos,<\/p>\n<p>2.000 caballos<\/p>\n<p>Jura: 35.000 cabezas de ganado<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>50.000 reses,<\/p>\n<p>115.000 ovejas<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>60.000 reses,<\/p>\n<p>934.000 ovejas y cabras<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">20,000<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>266.000 ovejas y cabras,<\/p>\n<p>215.000 bovinos<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>365.000 bovinos (intracomunitarios)<\/p>\n<p>45.000 bovinos (intercomunitarios; hacia el exterior)<\/p>\n<p>30.000 cabezas de ganado (intercomunitario; retorno)<\/p>\n<p>450.000 ovejas (intracomunitarias)<\/p>\n<p>50.000 ovejas (intercomunitarias)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">N\u00famero de cabezas de ganado (%)<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">c. 22<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>&lt; Menos de 1 del ganado<\/p>\n<p>C. 8 de las ovejas <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>&lt; Menos del 6,5 del ganado<\/p>\n<p>Casi el 7,5 de los reba\u00f1os de ovejas y cabras <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>2.2 ovinos y caprinos<\/p>\n<p>3.6 bovinos y b\u00fafalos<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>6 bovinos<\/p>\n<p>3 ovejas<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be41b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be41b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Razas de ganado locales y regionales en Francia<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un n\u00famero especialmente elevado de razas locales y regionales se utilizan para la trashumancia en Francia. Por ejemplo, en los Alpes se utilizan razas de ganado lechero como el ganado Tarentaise, el ganado Abondance y Montb\u00e9liarde. Las razas producen leche conocida por sus cualidades queseras. En los Pirineos, la Blonde d&#8217;Aquitaine es una raza de ganado com\u00fan utilizada para la producci\u00f3n de carne. Adem\u00e1s de la rica variedad de razas de ganado, en Francia se encuentran varias razas de ovejas diferentes. S\u00f3lo en el Macizo Central pastan diez razas ovinas end\u00e9micas. En los Pirineos se utilizan las razas vasco-bearnesa, manech t\u00eate rousse y t\u00eate noire para la producci\u00f3n de leche, las razas rouge du roussillon, castillonaise, tarasconnaise, aure et campan, bar\u00e9geoise y lourdaise para la producci\u00f3n de carne.      <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45ee4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e45ee4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b354e74 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b354e74\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdfb004 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bdfb004\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practicantes de la trashumancia<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93913a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93913a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Se han encontrado diversos practicantes de la trashumancia: agricultores (hombres y mujeres), miembros de las familias de los agricultores, pastores contratados y lecheras\/hombres (responsables del orde\u00f1o y la transformaci\u00f3n de la leche) (Figura 3);<\/p>\n<p>En conjunto, los practicantes de la trashumancia son hombres: pastores y lecheros, con Noruega como \u00fanica excepci\u00f3n, donde las lecheras son mucho m\u00e1s frecuentes que los lecheros;<\/p>\n<p>En Francia, se ha detectado una tendencia al aumento del n\u00famero de mujeres pastoras;<\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, existe una tendencia al alza en la proporci\u00f3n de practicantes de la trashumancia procedentes del extranjero, debido a la inmigraci\u00f3n (entre otros factores);<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, existe una importante falta de estad\u00edsticas centralizadas, coherentes y normalizadas de los practicantes de la trashumancia en todo el continente (Tabla 3).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28597e0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28597e0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88bab26 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"88bab26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-3-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"88bab26\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figura 3. Ejemplos de practicantes de la trashumancia\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDEyNywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXJhLTMtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg4YmFiMjYifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-3-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2075\" data-height=\"2560\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dba3bcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dba3bcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 3.<\/strong> Ejemplos de practicantes de la trashumancia; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/figures\/major-mountain-ranges-of-europe-1\">mapa de fondo<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e98f517 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e98f517\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc69a3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc69a3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tabla 3.<\/strong> Practicantes de la trashumancia y explotaciones o granjas estacionales implicadas en la trashumancia en los pa\u00edses socios del proyecto TRANSFARM seleccionados.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-814f274 eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"814f274\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"814f274\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-814f274\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-814f274\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Pa\u00edses<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Francia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Alemania<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Grecia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Hungr\u00eda<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Italia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Noruega<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Eslovaquia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Espa\u00f1a<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">N\u00famero de practicantes de la trashumancia<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">C. 20.000 pastores <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">2600 agricultores o menos<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">C. 100 - 500 profesionales <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Al menos 8000 profesionales<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Explotaciones \/ granjas estacionales dedicadas a la trashumancia<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">C. 60.000 explotaciones <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>3.300 explotaciones de ovino y caprino<\/p>\n<p>940 explotaciones de vacuno<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">780 explotaciones de temporada<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">8400 granjas<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48009e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48009e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Pastores en Grecia<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>En Grecia, los practicantes de la trashumancia pertenecen tradicionalmente a tres grupos \u00e9tnicos principales: los <em>vlachoi <\/em> , los <em>sarakatsanaioi <\/em> y los <em>koupatsaraioi <\/em> . A partir del siglo XVII, los valacos se dividieron en dos grupos. Un grupo mantuvo las pr\u00e1cticas tradicionales de trashumancia mientras que el otro grupo se asent\u00f3 permanentemente. Este \u00faltimo grupo recibi\u00f3 el nombre de <em>Koupatsaraioi<\/em>. Los <em>Sarakatsanaioi <\/em> se mencionaron por primera vez en 1847 y describen a los criadores de ovejas y cabras trashumantes que establecieron sus rediles fuera de las aldeas. No ten\u00edan una residencia permanente pero erigieron estructuras de edificios ef\u00edmeros y recorrieron grandes distancias con su ganado.     <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79ddd77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79ddd77\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d27b7da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d27b7da\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2968506 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2968506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tipos de trashumancia<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4f828f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4f828f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Las pr\u00e1cticas actuales de trashumancia abarcan una amplia gama de pautas de desplazamiento en todo el continente (Figura 4).<\/p>\n<p>El movimiento m\u00e1s com\u00fan es de zonas de baja altitud en invierno a zonas de alta altitud en verano, debido al espacio limitado en las zonas bajas (entre otras razones). Los pastos en zonas altas se deben a condiciones clim\u00e1ticas s\u00f3lo disponibles durante el verano. <\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, es interesante destacar las diferencias significativas en el rango de elevaci\u00f3n y las distancias recorridas entre pa\u00edses y regiones.<\/p>\n<p>En general, el movimiento se produce a trav\u00e9s de veh\u00edculos (por ejemplo, camiones, remolques), sin embargo, todav\u00eda hay una presencia de movimiento a pie.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e72868d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e72868d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ad14c7 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"7ad14c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-4-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"7ad14c7\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figura 4. Tipos de movimientos de trashumancia que se producen en los distintos pa\u00edses de Europa.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDEzNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXJhLTQtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjdhZDE0YzcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-4-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2174\" data-height=\"2560\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-415469b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"415469b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 4.<\/strong> Tipos de movimientos de trashumancia que se producen en los distintos pa\u00edses de Europa.<br \/>N.B: si el ganado se transporta en veh\u00edculos, el traslado a los pastos de verano no se produce en varias etapas. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdefd6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bdefd6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Distancias de viaje en Grecia<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las distancias de viaje pueden variar mucho dentro de un pa\u00eds, como muestra el ejemplo de Grecia. Se producen peque\u00f1os movimientos locales, as\u00ed como movimientos de hasta 50 km y viajes de alcance medio de m\u00e1s de 50 y hasta 100 km. Los movimientos de hasta 100 km se realizan principalmente en la parte central y occidental del pa\u00eds y en el Peloponeso. Los movimientos de larga distancia de m\u00e1s de 100 km y hasta 200 km son t\u00edpicos de la parte oriental de Tesalia y ocurren con frecuencia en Aitoloakarnania, en la parte occidental de Grecia central . Incluso se producen viajes de muy larga distancia de m\u00e1s de 200 km y hasta 350 km, t\u00edpicos de la parte central del pa\u00eds hacia el oeste y el norte de Grecia.    <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d55656d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d55656d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Patrones de movimiento en Francia<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Francia es un ejemplo de un pa\u00eds con una variedad especialmente grande de patrones de movimiento que ocurren en diferentes regiones. Un movimiento vertical con ganado durante el verano es, por ejemplo, com\u00fan en los Alpes donde el pastoreo de verano comienza al menos antes del 15 de julio y termina despu\u00e9s del 15 de septiembre, pero puede prolongarse hasta despu\u00e9s del 15 de octubre. Las distancias de viaje suelen ser cortas; sin embargo, el movimiento entre la Provenza y los Alpes del Norte cubre una distancia de unos 500 km. Hay una tendencia a mantener los animales productivos en altitudes m\u00e1s bajas, lo que reduce el pastoreo en altitudes m\u00e1s altas. Los movimientos invernales de ganado vacuno y ovino desde las zonas altas hacia la llanura se producen, por ejemplo, al sur del Macizo Central, donde varios reba\u00f1os de la zona de Causses y C\u00e9vennes se trasladan a las tierras bajas para pastar en vi\u00f1edos y zonas de matorral. En los Pirineos se produce un movimiento similar al de las llanuras durante el invierno. Adem\u00e1s de estos movimientos bastante verticales, se producen movimientos horizontales en la llanura en \u00e1reas como las praderas saladas de la Bah\u00eda de Somme o Mont Saint Michel.      <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cc382d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8cc382d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1172ada e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1172ada\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d4ffdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d4ffdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Finalidad y productos<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c02949 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c02949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El principal objetivo de la trashumancia es aprovechar los recursos de pasto para el ganado. Los practicantes de la trashumancia proporcionan una gama de productos diferentes: leche y productos asociados (por ejemplo, queso y yogur), as\u00ed como carne y productos asociados (por ejemplo, salchichas). <\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, es interesante se\u00f1alar que el valor hist\u00f3rico de la lana ha disminuido. La gesti\u00f3n del paisaje se est\u00e1 convirtiendo en un objetivo cada vez m\u00e1s importante de la trashumancia, por ejemplo en las zonas protegidas (Figura 5). <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a597d2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a597d2c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-899baee elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"899baee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-5-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"899baee\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figura 5. Finalidades y principales productos derivados de las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia en determinados pa\u00edses europeos\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXJhLTUtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg5OWJhZWUifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-5-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"2049\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df1c13e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df1c13e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 5.<\/strong> Finalidades y principales productos derivados de las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia en determinados pa\u00edses europeos; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/figures\/major-mountain-ranges-of-europe-1\">mapa de fondo<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec74763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec74763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Producci\u00f3n de lana en Espa\u00f1a<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La producci\u00f3n de lana ha sido hist\u00f3ricamente un negocio importante para los practicantes de la trashumancia. La raza Merino productora de lana de alta calidad se estableci\u00f3 en Espa\u00f1a durante la Edad Media. La exportaci\u00f3n de ovejas merinas estuvo prohibida hasta que se levant\u00f3 la prohibici\u00f3n en 1760. En Espa\u00f1a la cr\u00eda de ovejas merinas fue mayor durante la Baja Edad Media y la Edad Moderna. Despu\u00e9s de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la introducci\u00f3n de nuevas fibras ha afectado la rentabilidad de la producci\u00f3n de lana. Incluso para la lana de la m\u00e1s alta calidad, los ingresos pueden ser demasiado peque\u00f1os para cubrir los costos de producci\u00f3n y los pastores pueden incluso verse obligados a pagar por la eliminaci\u00f3n de la lana.     <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abfa91a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abfa91a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Gesti\u00f3n del paisaje<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En varios pa\u00edses del proyecto TRANSFARM se ha a\u00f1adido la gesti\u00f3n del paisaje como un nuevo prop\u00f3sito de la trashumancia. El grado de importancia de la gesti\u00f3n del paisaje para los profesionales de la trashumancia difiere. Por ejemplo, en Eslovaquia la trashumancia es muy importante para la gesti\u00f3n de la conservaci\u00f3n de la naturaleza en \u00e1reas protegidas. El pastoreo regular evita que los pastos de monta\u00f1a se llenen de arbustos y \u00e1rboles y ayuda a preservar las especies que dependen del pastoreo. Adem\u00e1s, en Hungr\u00eda, donde la mayor\u00eda de las actividades actuales de trashumancia se llevan a cabo en \u00e1reas protegidas, la trashumancia con fines de gesti\u00f3n es muy importante. Las direcciones de los parques nacionales mantienen reba\u00f1os para administrar los pastizales con fines de conservaci\u00f3n de la naturaleza. En cambio, en Italia no se permite la trashumancia en \u00e1reas protegidas, como por ejemplo, a lo largo de los cauces de los r\u00edos.       <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb336f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eb336f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b4f9a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b4f9a7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f58fc44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f58fc44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Valores y significados<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbf4bb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbf4bb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hist\u00f3ricamente, en todos los pa\u00edses socios, la trashumancia ha sido un importante sistema de producci\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica. Aunque los ingresos procedentes de la trashumancia y su importancia para la autosuficiencia de los practicantes han disminuido en los \u00faltimos tiempos, la trashumancia aporta importantes valores de patrimonio cultural. <\/p>\n<p>El patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial reconocido nacional e internacionalmente ofrece nuevas oportunidades econ\u00f3micas a las comunidades rurales en t\u00e9rminos de turismo. La trashumancia tambi\u00e9n es importante para mantener el patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial, los paisajes atractivos y la biodiversidad. <\/p>\n<p>La trashumancia aporta importantes conocimientos sobre c\u00f3mo utilizar los recursos marginales y producir al mismo tiempo alimentos de alta calidad. Esto es crucial en los tiempos modernos y para las perspectivas futuras, ya que hay un aumento de la demanda de alimentos de alta calidad producidos localmente. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2582d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2582d3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9527d2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"f9527d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-10.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f9527d2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figura 6. Valores identificados creados por los practicantes de la trashumancia en Europa a lo largo del tiempo.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE1MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXJhLTEwLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImY5NTI3ZDIifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-10.jpg\" data-width=\"1936\" data-height=\"1730\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fbc482 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fbc482\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 6.<\/strong> Valores identificados creados por los practicantes de la trashumancia en Europa a lo largo del tiempo.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-939f4a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"939f4a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Valores del patrimonio cultural<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>En Italia, los <em>tratturi <\/em> (antiguos reba\u00f1os) conectan Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia y Basilicata. Las manadas jugaron un papel clave en la historia del paisaje. En el pasado se regul\u00f3 su tama\u00f1o y forma de uso, y se desarrollaron asentamientos rurales y urbanos entre ellos. Las leyes para proteger los <em>tratturi <\/em> existen desde 1939. El reconocimiento de la trashumancia como Patrimonio Inmaterial de la UNESCO cuenta con el firme apoyo de los grupos de acci\u00f3n local interesados en la preservaci\u00f3n y el mantenimiento de las pr\u00e1cticas de la trashumancia. En Noruega, una amplia gama de tradiciones est\u00e1n vinculadas a las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia, como el movimiento de ganado y el procesamiento de la leche. Estos incluyen criterios de selecci\u00f3n para que la vaca lleve la campana (m\u00e1s grande), c\u00e1nticos o canciones cortas para llamar al ganado a orde\u00f1ar y creencias sobre criaturas no humanas como gnomos y duendes.      <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1802f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1802f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Los paisajes de la trashumancia y sus valores<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La trashumancia y las pr\u00e1cticas relacionadas, como el pastoreo, dan forma a los paisajes de una manera distinta. La trashumancia elimina y evita que se establezcan arbustos y \u00e1rboles y crea y ayuda a preservar paisajes biol\u00f3gicamente diversos. Los pastos que pastan los reba\u00f1os de trashumancia tienen una de las diversidades flor\u00edsticas m\u00e1s altas de Europa, y la riqueza de otras especies, como insectos y mam\u00edferos, depende de las actividades de pastoreo. La eliminaci\u00f3n de \u00e1rboles y arbustos reduce la cantidad de combustible disponible para los incendios forestales y, por tanto, su intensidad. El control de los incendios evita la degradaci\u00f3n del suelo, ya que los incendios forestales pueden provocar una erosi\u00f3n grave del suelo. El declive de las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia da como resultado cambios integrales en el paisaje. En Noruega, las \u00e1reas abiertas por la trashumancia vuelven a crecer y las especies de plantas dependen de la perturbaci\u00f3n por la disminuci\u00f3n del ganado. Los elementos del patrimonio cultural, como los muros de cimentaci\u00f3n de los antiguos edificios, se vuelven menos visibles y los paisajes en regeneraci\u00f3n son m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles de recorrer y menos atractivos para las actividades recreativas y, al menos, para el pastoreo futuro.       <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daa118a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"daa118a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1584606 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1584606\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ba9df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51ba9df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Situaci\u00f3n jur\u00eddica y financiaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42c487a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42c487a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En su mayor parte, los ganaderos, pastores o empresas son los propietarios del ganado que se utiliza para la trashumancia.<\/p>\n<p>Los pastos son propiedad de un amplio abanico de interesados: organismos p\u00fablicos oficiales (por ejemplo, el Estado, los municipios), comunidades, agricultores y otros propietarios privados.<\/p>\n<p>Los practicantes de la trashumancia, en su conjunto, reciben financiaci\u00f3n y apoyo en consonancia con otros practicantes de la agricultura, como pagos a trav\u00e9s de la Pol\u00edtica Agr\u00edcola Com\u00fan y pagos compensatorios por ganado muerto por depredadores.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14bab80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14bab80\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6601e26 eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"6601e26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"6601e26\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-6601e26\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-6601e26\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Financiaci\u00f3n disponible<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Financiaci\u00f3n no disponible<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Noruega<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Espa\u00f1a<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Francia<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Hungr\u00eda<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Alemania<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Eslovaquia<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Italia<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Grecia<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-286808b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"286808b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 7.<\/strong> Disponibilidad de financiaci\u00f3n en los pa\u00edses socios del proyecto TRANSFARM espec\u00edficamente dirigido a las actividades de trashumancia<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f75eab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f75eab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En algunos pa\u00edses, la gesti\u00f3n del paisaje est\u00e1 remunerada (por ejemplo, en Alemania y Hungr\u00eda), mientras que en otros no. En algunos pa\u00edses, los profesionales de la trashumancia reciben financiaci\u00f3n destinada a la trashumancia (Figura 7). <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9408c33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9408c33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Asociaciones de trashumancia<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En Francia, las actividades de trashumancia est\u00e1n organizadas principalmente por asociaciones colectivas de pastores: asociaciones de pastores de tierras y grupos de pastores. Re\u00fanen a los propietarios, organizan el mantenimiento, la protecci\u00f3n del suelo y el equipamiento t\u00e9cnico, gestionan el n\u00famero de turistas, etc. En Noruega, la organizaci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola estacional noruega tiene como objetivo promover la agricultura estacional y aumentar el conocimiento entre sus miembros. Adem\u00e1s, trata de incidir en el marco en el que los profesionales de la trashumancia desarrollan su actividad. Este tipo de asociaciones ayudan a aumentar el conocimiento sobre la trashumancia y a visibilizar la trashumancia.    <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8df669 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f8df669\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-893d8d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"893d8d5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c18d620 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c18d620\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Educaci\u00f3n profesional, ofertas y carencias de formaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aacbd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8aacbd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En todos los pa\u00edses, la adquisici\u00f3n informal de conocimientos a trav\u00e9s del aprendizaje de otros profesionales se ha identificado como una v\u00eda importante para que los profesionales de la trashumancia accedan a los conocimientos t\u00e9cnicos y al desarrollo de habilidades.<\/p>\n<p>El grado de disponibilidad de la formaci\u00f3n profesional var\u00eda mucho de un pa\u00eds a otro (Figura 8).<\/p>\n<p>En varios pa\u00edses, organizaciones privadas y p\u00fablicas imparten cursos que ofrecen distintos tipos de desarrollo de competencias en materia de, por ejemplo, pastoreo, normas de higiene o producci\u00f3n de queso; sin embargo, son pocos los pa\u00edses que ofrecen una formaci\u00f3n integral a cargo de una organizaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a60b6fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a60b6fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 8.<\/strong> Tipos de educaci\u00f3n formal de y sobre las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia ofrecidas en los pa\u00edses europeos seleccionados. Nota: aprender de otros profesionales es una forma importante de adquirir conocimientos en todos los pa\u00edses. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1125d27 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1125d27\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f4ad35 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f4ad35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a328395 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a328395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Francia<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b3b7de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b3b7de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d21a027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d21a027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Formaci\u00f3n en centros de formaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n<li>Formaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de organizaciones de pastores<\/li>\n<li>Ofertas de formaci\u00f3n en dos institutos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ec07f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65ec07f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a28437 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a28437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Espa\u00f1a<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52294a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52294a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcc62d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcc62d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Escuelas privadas de pastores<\/li>\n<li>Cursos sobre temas relacionados con la trashumancia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baec1a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"baec1a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891ea39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"891ea39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Noruega<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58e932d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58e932d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cd93e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cd93e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ninguna educaci\u00f3n completa sobre la trashumancia<\/li>\n<li>Ofertas a trav\u00e9s de algunos centros de ense\u00f1anza secundaria y en granjas de temporada<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a9d5c0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a9d5c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e82d64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e82d64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Italia<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-032e300 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"032e300\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cb3f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cb3f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Sin oferta formalizada de EFP<\/li>\n<li>Los \u00faltimos intentos de ofrecer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-221826b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"221826b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b65273d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b65273d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eslovaquia<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd895ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd895ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb31a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eb31a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ninguna oferta espec\u00edfica de EFP<\/li>\n<li>Diferentes iniciativas educativas sobre temas relacionados<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FCC400\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e73d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63e73d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6a62c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c6a62c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alemania<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81cedf7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"81cedf7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aab1fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0aab1fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Sin oferta formalizada de EFP<\/li>\n<li>Los intentos de proporcionar ofertas y educaci\u00f3n diferentes iniciativas de organizaciones y asociaciones de pastores<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18e4ad2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18e4ad2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58e3a09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58e3a09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hungr\u00eda<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d80ac33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d80ac33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f32b7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f32b7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Sin oferta formalizada de EFP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27c1192 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27c1192\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b2d284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b2d284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Grecia<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c08a42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c08a42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-021d6a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"021d6a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Sin oferta formalizada de EFP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5d863 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d5d863\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08b8122 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08b8122\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-845fd98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"845fd98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conocimientos disponibles<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32689d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32689d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Se ha constatado que los conocimientos disponibles sobre las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia y su grado de facilidad de acceso difieren mucho de un pa\u00eds a otro.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, los ejemplos de fuentes y\/o lugares de informaci\u00f3n disponibles han sido coherentes en lo que respecta a museos, festivales de cine, actividades de investigaci\u00f3n y festivales folcl\u00f3ricos (Figura 9).<\/p>\n<p>El consenso general entre los pa\u00edses del proyecto es que, para aumentar la concienciaci\u00f3n sobre las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia, es necesario que los conocimientos sobre el tema est\u00e9n m\u00e1s al alcance del p\u00fablico en general.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89428f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c89428f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-046562f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"046562f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-6-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"046562f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figura 9. Diversos medios de transferencia de conocimientos sobre la trashumancia identificados en el proyecto TRANSFARM en pa\u00edses europeos seleccionados\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE1OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXJhLTYtMS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIwNDY1NjJmIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-6-1.jpg\" data-width=\"2172\" data-height=\"1886\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed52969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed52969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 9.<\/strong> Diversos medios de transferencia de conocimientos sobre la trashumancia identificados en el proyecto TRANSFARM en pa\u00edses europeos seleccionados<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-528fdb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"528fdb4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d09fa4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d09fa4f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8734a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8734a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conciencia<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcdd85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1dcdd85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Los individuos actualmente cercanos y\/o vinculados a la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola, por ejemplo, a trav\u00e9s de su lugar de residencia o de lazos familiares, tienen una mayor conciencia de la trashumancia que los que est\u00e1n totalmente desconectados de la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n<p>Dada la limitada disponibilidad de datos en los distintos pa\u00edses, no es posible comparar el grado de conocimiento de la trashumancia por parte de la poblaci\u00f3n, lo que dificulta la b\u00fasqueda de tendencias detalladas.<\/p>\n<p>En varios pa\u00edses se llevan a cabo determinadas actividades (Figura 10) para concienciar sobre la trashumancia, como festivales que celebran espec\u00edficamente el regreso del ganado de los pastos de monta\u00f1a (por ejemplo, en Francia), as\u00ed como otros que acogen a visitantes en granjas estacionales.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d980f48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d980f48\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0866e79 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"0866e79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-7-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0866e79\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figura 10. Ejemplos de actividades identificadas que sensibilizan sobre las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE2NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXJhLTctc2NhbGVkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjA4NjZlNzkifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figura-7-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"2038\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddf6f21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddf6f21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 10.<\/strong> Ejemplos de actividades identificadas que sensibilizan sobre las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffb5de5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffb5de5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un ejemplo notable de sensibilizaci\u00f3n es la inscripci\u00f3n de la trashumancia en la lista del patrimonio mundial de la UNESCO como patrimonio cultural inmaterial en 2019.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-510c828 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"510c828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Actividades de sensibilizaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los festivales relacionados con las actividades de trashumancia ayudan a aumentar la conciencia sobre la trashumancia. En Hungr\u00eda , festivales como el festival del estofado de oveja en Karcag ayudan a concienciar a la gente sobre los valores culturales de la trashumancia. En Francia, varios festivales de cine est\u00e1n dedicados en parte o en su totalidad a la trashumancia, y desde la Provenza hasta los Alpes se celebran varios festivales de pastores y pastos de monta\u00f1a al final de la primavera. La mayor\u00eda de ellos se inventaron a principios de la d\u00e9cada de 1990.   <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e56c8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e56c8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca93e2e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca93e2e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b63f207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b63f207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Retos<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bc06ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bc06ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La trashumancia y los valores que producen los practicantes de la trashumancia se reconocen en peque\u00f1a medida.<\/p>\n<p>El n\u00famero de practicantes de la trashumancia est\u00e1 disminuyendo, lo que se traduce en una disminuci\u00f3n de la mano de obra disponible. Esto conlleva una posibilidad significativamente menor de transferencia de conocimientos, debido a que los practicantes de la trashumancia son la mayor fuente de ense\u00f1anzas en las pr\u00e1cticas. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c3af22 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c3af22\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fde8acb eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"fde8acb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"fde8acb\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-fde8acb\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-fde8acb\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">PRINCIPALES RETOS DE LA TRASHUMANCIA<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Disminuci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de profesionales<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Apoyo econ\u00f3mico futuro y viabilidad econ\u00f3mica<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Depredaci\u00f3n por lobos<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Acceso al agua y a los pastos<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"3\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Espa\u00f1a Francia<\/p>\n<p>Noruega Grecia<\/p>\n<p>Alemania Eslovaquia<\/p>\n<p>Hungr\u00eda<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"3\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Espa\u00f1a Francia<\/p>\n<p>Noruega Eslovaquia<\/p>\n<p>Alemania Grecia<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Italia Francia Eslovaquia<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Francia Eslovaquia<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Competencia con otros tipos de uso del suelo en zonas bajas<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Espa\u00f1a Francia Italia<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-533cf24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"533cf24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figura 11.<\/strong> Principales retos identificados para las pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia en pa\u00edses europeos seleccionados en el marco del proyecto TRANSFARM<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6395839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6395839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La gran preocupaci\u00f3n que suscita la incertidumbre sobre las futuras ayudas econ\u00f3micas indica que la viabilidad econ\u00f3mica es un problema para los practicantes de la trashumancia y un factor decisivo a la hora de continuar o no con las pr\u00e1cticas. En las tierras bajas aumenta la competencia entre los practicantes de la trashumancia que desean utilizar los pastos y los promotores urbanos e industriales. Los cambios significativos en el entorno natural, como el regreso del lobo y el impacto del cambio clim\u00e1tico en los pastos y el suministro de agua, suponen amenazas y desaf\u00edos para el acceso a recursos importantes. Otros retos destacados en los informes nacionales son la fragmentaci\u00f3n de las tierras, el descenso del consumo de carne, el aumento de la ganader\u00eda a gran escala y las dificultades pr\u00e1cticas y log\u00edsticas.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdb3472 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdb3472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Lobos<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En Francia, el regreso del lobo, actualmente presente en todas las cadenas monta\u00f1osas utilizadas para la trashumancia, pero especialmente en los Alpes, es un desaf\u00edo importante para los practicantes de la trashumancia. Una posibilidad de proteger al ganado contra la depredaci\u00f3n es el uso de corrales nocturnos seguros para las ovejas. El uso de tales equipos limita el pastoreo a \u00e1reas donde se puedan establecer corrales nocturnos, y los desplazamientos diarios se reducir\u00e1n a distancias que permitan regresar a los corrales para pasar la noche. El uso de perros guardianes es otra opci\u00f3n para proteger los reba\u00f1os contra la depredaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, pueden surgir conflictos con el uso de las zonas monta\u00f1osas para actividades recreativas. Los perros pueden atacar a los excursionistas que (sin saberlo) se comportan de una manera que los perros perciben como una amenaza para sus reba\u00f1os, por ejemplo, acerc\u00e1ndose demasiado o meti\u00e9ndose en una bandada. Proporcionar informaci\u00f3n a los senderistas es una medida importante para evitar este tipo de conflictos.      <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f12c79 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f12c79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26bffb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b26bffb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cffbb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cffbb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusiones y camino a seguir<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc090e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fc090e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Este informe ha puesto claramente de relieve que la trashumancia enriquece las zonas rurales. Proporciona paisajes atractivos y diversos, patrimonio material e inmaterial, productos alimentarios de alta calidad y es una parte importante de la cultura rural viva. Sin embargo, la disminuci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de practicantes de la trashumancia se ha destacado como uno de los principales retos para mantener y desarrollar la trashumancia en todos los pa\u00edses representados en el proyecto TRANSFARM. Existe una importante necesidad de hacer que la profesi\u00f3n de la trashumancia sea lo suficientemente atractiva como para competir con otros tipos de ocupaciones en el sector rural. Por lo tanto, la sensibilizaci\u00f3n sobre la trashumancia y las necesidades de los profesionales es importante en este sentido. Por ejemplo, es necesario garantizar el acceso a los pastos, especialmente en las tierras bajas. El mantenimiento de la trashumancia parece enfrentarse a la preocupaci\u00f3n por el futuro apoyo econ\u00f3mico y la viabilidad, lo que significa que el aumento y la garant\u00eda de los incentivos econ\u00f3micos dirigidos a los profesionales de la trashumancia son importantes para el futuro de la trashumancia.     <\/p>\n<p>La disminuci\u00f3n del n\u00famero de practicantes de la trashumancia no s\u00f3lo ha repercutido en el grado de pr\u00e1ctica de la trashumancia, sino tambi\u00e9n en las oportunidades de aprendizaje de los practicantes. La transferencia de conocimientos entre distintas generaciones de profesionales y el aprendizaje mutuo son tan importantes en la actualidad como lo fueron en el pasado. Por lo tanto, apoyar plataformas de intercambio de conocimientos como las asociaciones de profesionales de la trashumancia es esencial para mantener y transmitir los conocimientos. El n\u00famero de ofertas educativas y su grado de institucionalizaci\u00f3n difieren mucho entre los pa\u00edses socios. Poner a disposici\u00f3n ofertas educativas apoyar\u00e1 el intercambio de conocimientos y el aprendizaje y contribuir\u00e1 a hacer m\u00e1s atractiva la profesi\u00f3n de la trashumancia.    <\/p>\n<p>Este informe ha demostrado que existe una amplia gama de pr\u00e1cticas de trashumancia en los pa\u00edses socios. Para promover y concienciar sobre la trashumancia y sus valores, es importante apoyar todas las diferentes formas de practicar la trashumancia. Por \u00faltimo, se necesitan m\u00e1s conocimientos sobre la trashumancia, especialmente en lo que se refiere a proporcionar y recopilar datos que sean comparables m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las fronteras nacionales, por ejemplo, conocimientos sobre la concienciaci\u00f3n acerca de la trashumancia y estad\u00edsticas como el n\u00famero de practicantes o cabezas de ganado que participan en la trashumancia.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a72296c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a72296c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d5c2bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d5c2bd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58a32fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58a32fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliograf\u00eda y recursos adicionales<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6f0e1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6f0e1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Esta secci\u00f3n ofrece una selecci\u00f3n de referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas sobre la trashumancia y otros recursos que pueden utilizarse para obtener informaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica sobre la trashumancia en pa\u00edses y lugares concretos.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66ae57e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66ae57e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Europa<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b7f4a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b7f4a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.farmingfornature.ie\/resources\/best-practice-guides\">farmingfornature.ie\/resources\/best-practice-guides<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bele, B., Nielsen, V. K. S. N., Orejas, A. &amp; Tejedo, J. A. R. 2021. Patrimonio cultural inmaterial de los paisajes de trashumancia: sus funciones y valores &#8211; ejemplos de Noruega, Francia y Espa\u00f1a. En: Bowden, M. &amp; Herring, P. (eds.) Transhumance. Ponencias de la Conferencia de la Asociaci\u00f3n Internacional de Arqueolog\u00eda del Paisaje, Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. 111-128.    <\/p>\n<p>Daugstad, K., Mier, M. F. &amp; Pe\u00f1a-Chocarro, L. 2014. Paisajes de trashumancia en Noruega y Espa\u00f1a: Pr\u00e1cticas, percepciones y orientaciones de valor de los ganaderos. Nor. J. Geogr. 68, 248-258.    68, 248-258.<\/p>\n<p>Potthoff, K., Smrekar, A., Hribar, M. \u0160. &amp; Urbanc, M. 2020. El desarrollo pasado y futuro del pastoreo y el turismo en las monta\u00f1as: Insights from Norway and Slovenia. Geografski vestnik 92, 81-99.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3234427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3234427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Francia<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0564c9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0564c9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ficha de inventario del patrimonio cultural inmaterial, pr\u00e1cticas y saber hacer de la trashumancia en Francia (Fiche d&#8217;inventaire du patrimoine culturel immat\u00e9riel, les pratiques et savoir-faire de la transhumance en France), 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Roinc\u00e9 C., Seegers J., \u00c9tude prospective du pastoralisme fran\u00e7ais dans le contexte de la pr\u00e9dation exerc\u00e9e par le loup, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ProjetPastoM, Propositions partag\u00e9es pour am\u00e9liorer les soutiens \u00e0 l\u2019agropastoralisme de montagne, Paris, R\u00e9seau rural national, 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UICN France, Panorama des services \u00e9cologiques fournis par les milieux naturels en France \u2013 volume 2.4 : les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes montagnards. Paris, France, 2014. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gelin M, Quelles formes de transhumance dans les \u00e9levages europ\u00e9ens, et quels enjeux (patrimoniaux, socio-\u00e9conomiques, \u00e9cologiques, politiques) associ\u00e9s ? Synth\u00e8se bibliographique dans le cadre de la formation Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9levage de l\u2019Institut Agro &#8211; Montpellier SupAgro, 2020. <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2be7026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2be7026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alemania<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec5d00e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec5d00e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blaschka, A., Ringdorfer, R., Huber, R. Guggenberger, T. &amp; P. Haslgr\u00fcbler 2014. Almrekultivierung durch gezielte Beweidung mit Schafen \u2013 Ergebnisse aus dem Almlammprojekt.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David Bollier &amp; Silke Helfrich (Ed.) (2015): Patterns of communing. The commons strategy Group. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft und Ern\u00e4hrung BLE (2021) Statistisches Jahrbuch \u00fcber Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten 2021<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Czerkus Gunther, Evelyn Mathias and Andreas Schenk; Bundesverband Berufssch\u00e4\u0308fer (German Association of Professional Shepherds) (2020); Accounting for pastoralists in Germany<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deutscher Bundestag (2019): Bedeutung der Wandersch\u00e4\u0308ferei f\u00fcr die Biodiversit\u00e4\u0308t in Deutschland. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf eine Anfrage der Gr\u00fcnen. Drucksache 19\/12778  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gerken, Bernd &amp; Martin G\u00f6rner (eds) (2000): Landscape Development with Large Hervibores. New Models and Practical Experiences. (Neue Modelle zu Ma\u00dfnahmen der Landschaftsentwicklung mit gro\u00dfen Pflanzenfressern. Praktische Erfahrungen bei der Umsetzung. In: Natur- und Kulturlandschaft. Band 4. Brakel.      <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hungen.de\/leben-wohnen\/gemeindeportrait-die-schaeferstadt\/\">Herder-City Hungen.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jacobeit, W. 1987 Schafhaltung und Sch\u00e4fer in Zentraleuropa bis zum Beginn des 20. Jh. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luick, R. (2004): Transhumance in Germany. Pp. 137\u201354 in: R.G.H. Bunce et al. (eds.). Transhumance and biodiversity in European mountains. Report of the EUFP5 project TRANSHUMOUNT (EVK2CT200280017). IALE publication series No 1.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treiber, R. 2019 Gew\u00f6hnlicher Wacholder und Feld-Mannstreu als Zeigerpflanzen historischer Beweidung im Kaiserstuhl und am s\u00fcdlichen Oberrhein. Available: ww.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce590fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce590fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Grecia<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74efe1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74efe1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ragkos A., 2022, Transhumance in Greece: Multifunctionality as an Asset for Sustainable Development. 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Sarakatsanoi, 2nd ed.; Angeliki Chatzimichali Foundation: Athina, Greece (In Greek).<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ec1b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51ec1b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hungr\u00eda<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f969882 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f969882\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pal\u00e1di-Kov\u00e1cs A. 1965: A keleti pal\u00f3cok p\u00e1sztorkod\u00e1sa. M\u0171v. Hagy. VII. Debrecen    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pal\u00e1di-Kov\u00e1cs A. 1993a: A magyar \u00e1llattart\u00f3 kult\u00fara korszakai. Kapcsolatok, v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok \u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti r\u00e9tegek a 19. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9ig. Budapest   <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Petercs\u00e1k V. 1979: K\u00f6zbirtokoss\u00e1gok, legeltet\u00e9si t\u00e1rsulatok a Hegyk\u00f6zben. HOM\u00c9 XVII\u2013XVIII. 261\u2013280. Miskolc   <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d92ab85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d92ab85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Italia<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58c3aa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58c3aa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aromatario M. M., 1992, Transumanza e civilt\u00e0 sannitica, in \u00abCivilt\u00e0 della transumanza\u00bb. Atti della Giornata di Studi (Castel del Monte, 4 agosto 1990), Archeoclub d\u2019Italia &#8211; Sezione di Castel del Monte (AQ). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bindi L., 2019, \u201cBones\u201d and pathways. Transhumant tracks, inner areas and cultural heritage, in \u201cIl capitale culturale Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage\u201d, 19, Universit\u00e0 di Macerata. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cammerino A. R. B., Biscotti S., De Iulio R., Monteleone M, 2018, Las huellas ovinas de la trashumancia en la regi\u00f3n de Apulia (sur de Italia): pasos para una estrategia de conservaci\u00f3n del paisaje agr\u00edcola, en \u00abApplied Ecology And Environmental Research\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aloki.hu\/\">disponible en l\u00ednea.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liechti K., Biber J. P., 2016, Pastoralism in Europe: characteristics and challenges of highland-lowland transhumance, in Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 35 (2), 561-575.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motivazione della pratica agricola \u201cLa Transumanza\u201d, 2017, Registro nazionale dei Paesaggi Rurali, delle Pratiche Agricole e delle Conoscenze Tradizionali, disponible en l\u00ednea:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reterurale.it\/flex\/cm\/pages\/ServeBLOB.php\/L\/IT\/IDPagina\/17434\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">06. La Transumanza (reterurale.it)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNESCO, Expediente de candidatura no. 01470 for inscription in 2019 on Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Fourth Session, Bogot\u00e0 Colombia.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9909292 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9909292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Noruega<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb5d893 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb5d893\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bj\u00f8rlo, B. &amp; L\u00f8vberget, A. 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Norwegian Commons: history, status and challenges.  <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Berge, E. &amp; Carlsson, L. (eds.) <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commons: Old and New.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Department of Sociology and Political Science, NTNU, Trondheim, pp. 93-132.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solheim, S. 1952. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Norsk S\u00e6tertradisjon. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. Aschehoug &amp; Co., Oslo, 708 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stensgaard, K. 2019<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<br \/>\nHvordan st\u00e5r det til p\u00e5 setra?<br \/>\nRegistrering av setermilj\u00f8er i perioden 2009\u20132015.    <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NIBIO, \u00c5s, 175 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strand, B. &amp; \u00d8deg\u00e5rd, N. T. (eds.) 2006. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">St\u00f8lsvidda. Ei bok om Ulnes og Svennes sameier.  <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">St\u00f8lsviddeprosjektet i Valdres, Valdres, 214 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e8d26a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e8d26a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eslovaquia<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-308e5a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"308e5a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10531-015-0969-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hre\u0161ko, J., Petrovi\u010d, F. &amp; Mi\u0161ovi\u010dov\u00e1, R. 2015. Mountain landscape archetypes of the Western Carpathians (Slovakia).  <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biodiversity and Conservation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 24: 3269\u20133283.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.agritech.cz\/clanky\/2017-2-2.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Makovick\u00fd, P. &amp; Marget\u00edn M. 2017. Sheep as livestock with significant non-productive function.  <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AgritechScience<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 11 (2): 1\u201310.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jan-Novak-16\/publication\/330005057_Salasnictvo_v_Karpatoch_-_Carpathian_mountain_sheep_milk_farming_pdf\/links\/5cdbe267299bf14d95989751\/Salasnictvo-v-Karpatoch-Carpathian-mountain-sheep-milk-farming-pdf.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nov\u00e1k, J. 2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sala\u0161n\u00edctvo v Karpatoch \u2013 Carpathian mountain sheep milk farming<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<br \/>\nNitra, p. 511.<br \/>\nISBN 978-80-570-0841-5.  <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51bd70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f51bd70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Espa\u00f1a<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82ffd54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82ffd54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ant\u00f3n Burgos (2007) Trashumancia y turismo en Espa\u00f1a. Cuadernos de Turismo, n\u00ba 20, (2007); pp. 27-54 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Est\u00e9vez, \u00c1. B. (2017). Tras la huella de la trashumancia. In Los Santos de Maimona en la historia VIII y otros estudios de la Orden de Santiago (pp. 69-96). Asociaci\u00f3nhist\u00f3rico-cultural Maimona.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13570-020-00163-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fern\u00e1ndez-Gim\u00e9nez and Ritten Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice (2020) 10:10<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159\/harvard.9780674337206\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Klein, J. (2013). The Mesta: A Study in Spanish Economic History, 1273-1836, Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press. <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/desarrollo-rural\/publicaciones\/publicaciones-de-desarrollo%5B1%5Drural\/LIBRO%20BLANCO%202013_tcm30-131212.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MAFE -Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment-(2013). Transhumance White Paper <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trashumanciaynaturaleza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Informe_ovino_cadena_valor_v6.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zabalza, S., Linares, A., Astrain C., (2020) identificaci\u00f3n de barreras y oportunidades en la cadena de valor del ovino \u2013 caprino extensivo.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>sobre la formaci\u00f3n profesional de los profesionales de la trashumancia Inicio > Descargar PDF \u00cdndice Introducci\u00f3n El proyecto TRANSFARM (Educaci\u00f3n y formaci\u00f3n profesional para practicantes de la trashumancia), financiado por el programa de financiaci\u00f3n ERASMUS+, tiene como objetivo capacitar a los practicantes de la trashumancia y a los empresarios rurales que deseen iniciar o mantener [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6874","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - 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