{"id":6513,"date":"2023-07-10T11:18:34","date_gmt":"2023-07-10T11:18:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/sammendragsrapport"},"modified":"2024-04-23T05:30:14","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T05:30:14","slug":"sammendragsrapport","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/no\/sammendragsrapport","title":{"rendered":"Sammendragsrapport"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6513\" class=\"elementor elementor-6513 elementor-625\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#E4EBEE\" data-dce-background-image-url=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/21_Dehesa_ES_CsabaCenteri.jpg\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da3717 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9da3717\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e56e640 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e56e640\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f079bb1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f079bb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">om yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring for transhumansut\u00f8vere<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6569f9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6569f9e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4ad5fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4ad5fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ffdfe elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"74ffdfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/home\">Hjem<\/a><\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fecf7f elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6fecf7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&gt;<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-358edc5 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"358edc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sammendragsrapport<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c16f19 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4c16f19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-428bc21 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"428bc21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/no\/transfarm_final_summaryreport\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-download\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Last ned pdf<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d31768a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d31768a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b66af3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b66af3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3764953 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3764953\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:70,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:55,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;laptop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;]}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea95914 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"ea95914\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;collapse_subitems&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;vh&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;vh&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;vh&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tInnhold\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__ea95914\" class=\"elementor-toc__body elementor-toc__list-items--collapsible\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54933f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"54933f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af9d9c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af9d9c2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc63f28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc63f28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduksjon<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8198872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8198872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>TRANSFARM-prosjektet (Yrkesutdannelse &amp; oppl\u00e6ring for transhumansut\u00f8vere), finansiert av ERASMUS+ programmet, har som m\u00e5l \u00e5 styrke transhumansut\u00f8vere og rurale entrepren\u00f8rer som \u00f8nsker \u00e5 starte eller opprettholde transhumans, og gi dem oppl\u00e6ringsmateriell. Samtidig \u00f8nsker prosjektet \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans med s\u00e6rlig fokus p\u00e5 fordelene den har for rurale omr\u00e5der, landskapsforvaltning og biologisk mangfold. TRANSFARM-prosjektet startet i desember 2021, vil avsluttes i mai 2024, og best\u00e5r av syv partnere i flere europeiske land: Institute for Research on European Agricultural Landscapes e.V. (DE), Hof und Leben (DE), OnProjects (ES), Technical University in Zvolen (SK), Aristotele University Thessaloniki (GR), European Landowners&#8217; Organization (BE), og Norges milj\u00f8- og biovitenskapelige universitet (NO). Sistnevnte koordinerer prosjektet. I tillegg har prosjektet tre tilknyttede partnere: Polish Farm Advisory and Training Centre (PL), Norsk institutt for bio\u00f8konomi (NO) og VetAgroSup (FR).   <\/p>\n<p>For \u00e5 bli ansett som transhumans i TRANSFARM-prosjektet, m\u00e5 husdyr bli f\u00f8rt til beiteomr\u00e5dene og mennesker m\u00e5 v\u00e6re tilstede gjennom beitesesongen. For \u00e5 skille mellom ulike typer transhumans, har forhold som rekkevidde, avstand og stigning blitt lagt til grunn. For eksempel finner vertikal transhumans sted mellom lavland og daler, og fjellbeiter i Alpene og Skandinavia. Horisontal transhumans inneb\u00e6rer en forflytning av husdyr mellom omr\u00e5der uten store h\u00f8ydeforskjeller.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28f4b7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28f4b7d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5393b75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5393b75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201cSesongmessig forflytning av husdyr over lengre avstander mellom faste beitemarker og en permanent g\u00e5rd\u201d\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e2b2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63e2b2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Definisjonen av Transhumans (For definisjoner av begreper, se ordliste p\u00e5 nettsiden)<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa10616 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa10616\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fra et europeisk perspektiv omfatter transhumans imidlertid et bredt spekter av praksis uten \u00e9ntydig definisjon. Landskapsforvaltning har i senere tid blitt et viktig m\u00e5l med transhumans, og en stadig \u00f8kende bruk av moderne transportmidler og teknologi (f.eks. halsb\u00e5nd med GPS-sendere som erstatning for gjerder) har bidratt til st\u00f8rre mangfold i ut\u00f8velsen av transhumans. Det forekommer overganger til praksis der mennesker er til stede p\u00e5 beitemarkene sammen med husdyrene gjennom sesongen, men andelen av menneskenes tilstedev\u00e6relse er synkende som f\u00f8lge av de teknologiske fremskrittene. Som et av de f\u00f8rste stegene i TRANSFARM-prosjektet, utarbeidet partnerne nasjonale rapporter med en oversikt over den n\u00e5v\u00e6rende situasjonen for transhumans i sine respektive land: Frankrike, Tyskland, Hellas, Ungarn, Italia, Nederlandene (Belgia og Nederland), Norge, Slovakia og Spania. Disse rapportene er tilgjengelige p\u00e5 <a href=\"\">prosjektets nettside<\/a>.    <\/p>\n<p>Denne rapporten inneholder et sammendrag av informasjon fra de nasjonale rapportene og har til hensikt \u00e5 vise status for transhumans i en st\u00f8rre skala. Informasjon som presenteres i sammendragsrapporten f\u00f8lger samme struktur som de nasjonale rapportene, og den svarer p\u00e5 et sett med sp\u00f8rsm\u00e5l som er omforent mellom prosjektpartnerne for \u00e5 sikre konsistens. Temaer som dekkes inkluderer den n\u00e5v\u00e6rende utbredelsen av, og bevisstheten om transhumans, utdanningstilbud, samt utfordringer for transhumansut\u00f8vere. Denne sammendragsrapporten gir informasjon om transhumans i en sv\u00e6rt komprimert form. For interesserte lesere vises det til avsnittet \u00abLitteratur og tilleggsressurser\u00bb og de nasjonale rapportene. Det vil ogs\u00e5 bli lagt til tekstbokser i nettversjonen av denne sammendragsrapporten for \u00e5 gi enda mer informasjon.     <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2980ea2 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2980ea2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:409,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tInnhold\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2980ea2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2980ea2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2980ea2\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b161f25 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b161f25\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-261eb03 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"261eb03\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5f8a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5f8a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dagens utbredelse av transhumans<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e81867b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e81867b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Transhumans praktiseres i dag i alle land i TRANSFARM-prosjektet, bortsett fra i Belgia og Nederland, som ikke vil bli vurdert videre i rapporten.<\/p>\n<p>Sommerbeiter er lokalisert i fjellomr\u00e5der s\u00e5 vel som i andre omr\u00e5der med marginal jordbruksproduksjon (f.eks. saltsump og lynghei), mens vinterbeiter vanligvis er lokalisert i lavlandet.<\/p>\n<p>I senere tid har ogs\u00e5 urbane omr\u00e5der og deres omland blitt tatt i bruk til transhumans.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e0b930 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e0b930\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7193520 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"7193520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:500,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-15-110902.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"7193520\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figur 1. N\u00e5v\u00e6rende utbredelse av transhumans i de europeiske landene som er vurdert i prosjektet. For tiden praktiseres ingen transhumans i Belgia og Nederland. Bakgrunnskart.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDEwOSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvU2NyZWVuc2hvdC0yMDI0LTAyLTE1LTExMDkwMi5wbmciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI3MTkzNTIwIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-15-110902.png\" data-width=\"1184\" data-height=\"822\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c58f685 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c58f685\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 1.<\/strong> N\u00e5v\u00e6rende utbredelse av transhumans i de europeiske landene som er vurdert i prosjektet. For tiden praktiseres ingen transhumans i Belgia og Nederland. Bakgrunnskart. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d73036 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d73036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Urban transhumans<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban transhumans (eller \u00f8ko-pastoralisme) omfatter husdyrbeite i urbane og peri-urbane omr\u00e5der. I Frankrike blir denne milj\u00f8vennlige m\u00e5ten \u00e5 forvalte urbane gr\u00f8ntomr\u00e5der i \u00f8kende grad brukt av kommuner, men ogs\u00e5 selskaper, for eksempel i Paris-regionen. Urban transhumans st\u00f8tter bevisstgj\u00f8ring siden den bringer transhumans, som vanligvis forekommer i landlige og ofte avsidesliggende omr\u00e5der, til omr\u00e5der der mange mennesker bor.  <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cab6451 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cab6451\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"history\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c7573b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c7573b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d53e2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d53e2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historie<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7bc3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7bc3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I sentral- og s\u00f8reuropeiske partnerland startet transhumans allerede med det f\u00f8rste jordbruket i yngre steinalder. I Slovakia og Ungarn ble transhumans f\u00f8rst introdusert i middelalderen. Gjennom historien har omfang av transhumans \u00f8kt og avtatt i tr\u00e5d med land- og regionspesifikke hendelser. Det som imidlertid er felles for alle landene, er den nedadg\u00e5ende trenden for transhumans i moderne tid.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc70b43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-dyncontel-template\" data-id=\"cc70b43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"dyncontel-template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"6609\" class=\"elementor elementor-6609 dce-elementor-rendering-id-1 elementor-797\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b75927c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b75927c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-advanced-background-color=\"#648A00\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41d688c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"41d688c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;enable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"69036172\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361721\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361721\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tHellas\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361722\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361722\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tItalia\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361723\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361723\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFrankrike\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361724\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361724\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSpania\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361725\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361725\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tNorge\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361726\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361726\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSlovakia\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-690361727\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-690361727\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tUngarn\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361721\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361721\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-83b468e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"83b468e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38868ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"38868ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Yngre steinalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6500 \u2013 3200 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Transhumans g\u00e5r tilbake til yngre steinalderen<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Bronsealder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>3200 \u2013 1200 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Jernalder*<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1200 \u2013 800 f.Kr.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">*ogs\u00e5 kalt De m\u00f8rke \u00e5rhundrer<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Den greske antikken<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>800 f.Kr. \u2013 324 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Forfattere som Heredotus, Aristoteles og Aischylus nevner transhumans i sine skrifter (ca. 500 \u2212 300 f.Kr.)<br \/>\n<br \/>\nRomertiden (146 \u2013 330 e.Kr.): Omfattende beitearealer opprettet i utmarksomr\u00e5der som f\u00f8rte til utvikling av transhumans og nedgang av intensivt husdyrbruk<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Middelalder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>324 \u2013 1453 e.Kr.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Omfattende beitearealer opprettet i utmarksomr\u00e5der og transhumans utviklet<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Det osmanske herred\u00f8mmet<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1453 \u2013 1821<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Nomadisk system for dyrehold ble utviklet og \"Tsiflikia\" opprettet<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>I l\u00f8pet av 1900-tallet<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Beite omdannet til \u00e5ker, spesielt tap av vinterbeite<br \/>\n<br \/>\nDen greske frihetskrigen (1919-1922): Rekruttering av transhumansut\u00f8vere<br \/>\n<br \/>\nEtter andre verdenskrig: nedgang i transhumans pga. migrasjon i b\u00e5de Hellas og til utenlandet<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Den siste tiden har det v\u00e6rt en nedgang i antall g\u00e5rder, men en \u00f8kning i antall dyr per g\u00e5rd.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361722\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361722\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-20eabb3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"20eabb3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5791ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"e5791ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Yngre steinalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6000 \u2013 2300 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Arkeologiske bevis for forekomst av transhumans i Nord-Italia g\u00e5r tilbake til forhistorisk tid (dvs. f\u00f8r skriftlige kilder eksisterer)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Bronsealder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>2300 \u2013 950 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Jernalder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>950 \u2013 753 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Romertiden<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>753 f.Kr. \u2013 476 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Transhumans praktisert i romertiden i S\u00f8r- og Nord-Italia<br \/>\n<br \/>\nBevis p\u00e5 transhumans fra 500 \u2013 300 f.Kr. i den sentrale og s\u00f8rlige Italia<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>111 f.Kr. Lex agraria:<\/strong> Regulerer bruken av offentlige beitemarker og veier hvor husdyr blir forflyttet<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Middelalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>476 \u2013 1492 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Siden 1100-tallet:<\/strong> Transhum ans og tilknyttede aktiviteter f\u00e5r en n\u00f8kkelrolle i politiske og \u00f8konomiske beslutninger i Nord-Italia<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1330:<\/strong> Transhumanssedvaner regulert av lokale normer ble skrevet ned<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1447:<\/strong> \u2018Samling av regler som regulerer forholdet mellom jordbruk og transhumans\u2019: Transformerer en virksomhet som f\u00f8rst og fremst var for selvforsyning gradvis til en markedsorientert produksjon i S\u00f8r-Italia<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1492 -<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>1809:<\/strong> Napoleons nye \u2018Samling av regler som regulerer forholdet mellom jordbruk og transhumans\u2019<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1820:<\/strong> Lov som f\u00f8rte til privatisering av felles beiteomr\u00e5der<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1856:<\/strong> Den gamle retten til fritt beite i private \u00e5ker etter innh\u00f8stingen i Nord- Italia avskaffes<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1865:<\/strong> Privatisering av offentlig land brukt til transhumans i S\u00f8r-Italia med unntak av skur og stier<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>I begynnelsen av 1900-tallet:<\/strong> Antall sauer og gjetere redusert med nesten to tredjedeler i S\u00f8r-Italia sammenlignet med 1700-tallet<br \/>\nSiden rundt 1950-tallet: sterk nedgang i alle former for transhumans<br \/>\n<br \/>\nAntall husdyr involvert i transhumans har nylig \u00f8kt i noen omr\u00e5der<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361723\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361723\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-dcc3cc3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dcc3cc3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4a0931 elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"b4a0931\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Yngre steinalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6000 \u2013 2200 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>For 7000 \u00e5r siden:<\/strong> Arkeologisk funn dokumenterer forekomst av en form for transhumans i de s\u00f8rlige Alpene<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>For 5000 \u00e5r siden:<\/strong> Sesongmessig forflytninger mellom lavlandet og fjellene i Alpene og Provence-omr\u00e5det<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Bronsealder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>2200 \u2013 800 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Jernalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>800 \u2013 100 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Romertiden <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>100 f.Kr. \u2013 476 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Middelalder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>476 \u2013 1453 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Siden 1100-tallet:<\/strong> Forflytning av sauer fra h\u00f8yfjellsbeitene til slettene dokumentert (Massif Central &amp; Vosges)<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1200-tallet:<\/strong> Store klostre (f.eks. i Marseille) forflytter sine husdyr fra slettene til fjellene<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Siden 1300-tallet til 1800-tallet:<\/strong> Alle store saueflokker i S\u00f8r-Frankrike involvert i transhumans<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1492 -<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">I l\u00f8pet av 1800-tallet: Transhumans med sau n\u00e5r sitt h\u00f8ydepunkt, men avtar etter 1850; fall i ullprisen, \u00f8kende ettersp\u00f8rsel etter kj\u00f8tt p\u00e5 grunn av urbanisering, endring i kj\u00f8ttproduksjon og sterk nedgang i sauehold<br \/>\n<br \/>\nFranske saueflokker p\u00e5 et minimumsniv\u00e5 i 1950, ny nedgang siden 1980-tallet<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361724\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361724\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5951a26 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5951a26\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00b7baf elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"00b7baf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Yngre steinalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6000 \u2013 2300 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Rester etter sau er de viktigste <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0244139\">arkeologiske og zoologiske<\/a> bevisene for tilstedev\u00e6relsen av tidlige neolitiske menneskegrupper i h\u00f8ylandet i de s\u00f8rlige Pyreneene, restene er ca. 7300 \u00e5r gamle<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Bronsealder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>2300 \u2013 800 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><br \/>\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/cvz\/2697\">Transhumans skjer hovedsakelig i form av mindre husdyrforflyttinger mellom fjell og daler innenfor det samme etniske territoriet<\/a><br \/>\n        <\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Jernalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>800 f.Kr. \u2013 218 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Husdyr har stor betydning for den f\u00f8r-romerske befolkningen i Iberia, spesielt for Meseta-gruppene, som Vetons og Vacceans<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Romertiden<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>218 f.Kr. \u2013 410 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Befolkningen bor hovedsakelig i landsbyer med unntak av den i Baetica og Levante; storfehold konsentrert i befolkningssentrene<br \/>\n<br \/>\nIndikasjoner p\u00e5 storferikdom p\u00e5 plat\u00e5et (i Lusitania og Celtiberia)<br \/>\n<br \/>\nF\u00e5 og tvetydige, historiske bevis p\u00e5 transhumans; noen kilder indikerer tilfeller av byer som har land i gode beiteomr\u00e5der og kontinuerlig tilstedev\u00e6relse av emigranter fra andre beiteomr\u00e5der<br \/>\n<br \/>\nKlassiske kilder, \u2013 s\u00e6rlig Livius \u2013 beskriver det som kan tolkes som beitebruk<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Middelalder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>410 \u2013 1492 e.Kr.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>410 <a href=\"https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/cvz\/2692#ftn72\">Vestgotisk lov<\/a>:<\/strong> Garanterte fri forflytning av flokker og dyr p\u00e5 offentlige veier og etablerte en prosedyre for tilbakef\u00f8ring av tapte dyr, og har blitt ansett som en forl\u00f8per for det som i fremtiden skulle bli \u2018Mesta\u2019<br \/>\n<br \/>\n711 <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.csic.es\/handle\/10261\/194654\">Muslimsk erobring<\/a>: Sauehold har stor betydning<br \/>\n<br \/>\nTranshumans opprettholdes p\u00e5 samme m\u00e5te som f\u00f8r Sauavl utf\u00f8rt av berberbefolkningen, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.solienses.com\/archivos\/biblioteca\/dehesaytrashumancia.pdf\">Merino-rasen blir etablert<\/a> <br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Gjenerobring (722 \u2013 1492):<\/strong> Stopper noen forflytninger over grenser<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1273:<\/strong> Castillisk konge etablerer en profesjonell forening for merino-oppdrettere<br \/>\n<br \/>\nMerino sauehold st\u00f8rst i senmiddelalderen og tidlig moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1492 - 1814<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Merino sauehold st\u00f8rst i senmiddelalderen og tidlig moderne tid<br \/>\n<br \/>\n1500-tallet: opptil 5 millioner husdyr forflyttet seg langs transhumansruter<br \/>\n<br \/>\n1760: Forbud mot eksport av merinosau opphevet<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1814 - n\u00e5tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Sent p\u00e5 1800-tallet:<\/strong> Jernbanelinjer som forbinder S\u00f8r- og Nord-Spania ble bygget og husdyr ble fraktet med tog<br \/>\n<br \/>\nTranshumansruter g\u00e5r ut av bruk<br \/>\n<br \/>\nVinterbeite er i bruk til midten eller slutten av juni i stedet for tidlig eller midten av mai, dette kan ha f\u00f8rt til overbeite<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Etter andre verdenskrig:<\/strong> Nye fibre p\u00e5virker l\u00f8nnsomheten i ullproduksjonen. Industrialisering og p\u00e5f\u00f8lgende flytting til byer f\u00f8rer til at transhumans blir en marginal aktivitet<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361725\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361725\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-47c146c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"47c146c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3581aee elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"3581aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Yngre steinalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>4000 - 1800 f.Kr.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Sen neolitikum (2400 \u2013 1800 f.Kr.):<\/strong> F\u00f8rste spor etter beitebruk av fjellomr\u00e5der, men ingen bevis for \u00e5 avgj\u00f8re om dette er knyttet til seterdrift<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Bronsealder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1800 \u2013 500 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Etablering av seterdrift kanskje allerede f\u00f8r jernalderen<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Jernalder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>500 f.Kr. \u2013 1050 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Etablering av seterdrift<br \/>\n<br \/>\nEkspansjon under vikingtiden (800 \u2013 1050 e.Kr.)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Middelalder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1050 \u2013 1537 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">Ekspansjon i begynnelsen av middelalderen<br \/>\n<br \/>\n1300-tallet: Svartedauden, tilbaketrekking av jordbruk, nedlegging av setrer<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1537 -  <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">1500-, 1600-, 1700-tallet: Ny ekspansjon; seter ble til permanente g\u00e5rder<br \/>\n<br \/>\nSt\u00f8rst antall seter i drift i 1850-\u00e5ren<br \/>\n<br \/>\nSeterdrift avtar etter 1850<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361726\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361726\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3219d48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3219d48\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59445eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"59445eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Yngre steinalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>5000 \u2013 1900 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Bronsealder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1900 f.Kr. \u2013 700 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Jernalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>700 f.Kr. \u2013 0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Romertiden <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>100 \u2013 400 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Middelalder<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>400 - 1500 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Under f\u00f8ydalismen (800-1850):<\/strong> Felles g\u00e5rder og kollektivt beite ble etablert<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1200-tallet:<\/strong> Transhumans startet med den valakiske koloniseringen<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1400-1800-tallet:<\/strong> Transh umans praktisert i stort omfang<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1500 -\u2013<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>Slutten av 1800-tallet:<\/strong> Sauehold begynte \u00e5 avta; frem til 1920 gikk antall sauer ned med fire femtedeler<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1935:<\/strong> Gjenoppstart av sauehold gjennom etablering av et statlig sau og ull institutt<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1950-tallet:<\/strong> Sterk nedgang i antall sauer og transhumans etter to verdenskriger og kommunistiske reformer<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>2021:<\/strong> Antall sau er halvert siden 1990<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-690361727\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-690361727\" data-tab-index=\"7\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-bd51f7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bd51f7a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f1ec7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-dce-dynamicposts-v2\" data-id=\"1f1ec7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;timeline_timeline_rowspace_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"dce-dynamicposts-v2.timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-fix-background-loop dce-posts-container dce-posts dce-dynamic-posts-collection  dce-timeline js-dce-timeline dce-timeline-container dce-skin-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-posts-wrapper dce-timeline-wrapper dce-wrapper-timeline\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Yngre steinalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>6000 \u2013 3000 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Bronsealder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>3000 \u2013 900 f.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Jernalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>900 f.Kr. \u2013 100 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Romertiden<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>100 \u2013 476 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Middelalder <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>476\u20131500 e.Kr<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\">1363 Transhumans nevnt for f\u00f8rste gang, forflyttinger mellom Transilvania og Wallachia, men transhumans var ikke utbredt<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__block\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__img dce-timeline__img--picture\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"dce-timeline__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092\"><div>Moderne tid<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872\"><div>1500 -\u2013<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dce-item dce-item_custommeta elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><div class=\"dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta dce-post-custommeta\"><div class=\"dce-meta-item dce-meta-1b7d092 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-1b7d092 dce-meta-item dce-meta-7d19872 dce-meta-text elementor-repeater-item-7d19872 dce-meta-item dce-meta-b26d70d dce-meta-textarea elementor-repeater-item-b26d70d\"><strong>1600-tallet:<\/strong> Transhumans blomstret; de \u00f8stlige Karpatene brukes som sommerbeite, vinterbeite i Banat, langs elvene i Moldova eller sjelden i det ungarske lavlandet<br \/>\n<br \/>\nEtter 1718 ble Dobrogea, B\u0103r\u0103gan-lavlandet, Prut-dalen og Seret hovedomr\u00e5dene for vinterbeite I andre halvdel av<br \/>\n<br \/>\n1700-tallet tilbringer saueflokkene fra Transilvania vinteren \u00f8st eller s\u00f8r for Karpatene<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>1800-tallet:<\/strong> Transhumans ble vanskelig p\u00e5 grunn av endring i eierskap av de trans-kapatiske fjellene, \u00f8kende antall bosetninger, i 1864 med den rumenske jordbruksreformen, regulering av elven Donau og blomstring av korndyrking i Wallachia<br \/>\n<br \/>\nI 1884 fortsatt 615000 sauer p\u00e5 beite i Karpatene<br \/>\nThe Austrian-Hungarian-Romanian customs war (1886 - 1891) ended the traditional form of transhumance of people of Transylvania<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<strong>Fram til begynnelsen av 1900-tallet:<\/strong> Vinterbeite for transhumans i lavlandet forsvant p\u00e5 grunn av vassdragsreguleringer og oppdeling av land; sommerbeitene eksisterte mellom 1880 og 1960<br \/>\n<br \/>\nLandskapsforvaltning som viktig form\u00e5l med transhumans<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dec9a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3dec9a0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee2deec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee2deec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-156d123 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"156d123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Husdyr<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f028379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f028379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sau, geit og storfe er de vanligste husdyrtypene i transhumans i prosjektpartnerlandene;<\/p>\n<p>Hester og b\u00f8fler har ogs\u00e5 blitt brukt i transhumans, men i mindre grad;<\/p>\n<p>I noen land er andre husdyrtyper med p\u00e5 transporten (esler) eller benyttes til beskyttelse (hunder). Disse dyrene brukes av transhumansut\u00f8vere, men blir ikke gjetet; <\/p>\n<p>I flere land brukes b\u00e5de regionale og lokale raser til transhumans (Figur 2). P\u00e5 lang sikt bidrar dette til \u00e5 opprettholde et mangfold av ulike raser. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb03945 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cb03945\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14fae45 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"14fae45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:500,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:500,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"14fae45\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figur 2. Lokale og regionale husdyrraser som brukes i transhumans i Europa\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDExNywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXItMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxNGZhZTQ1In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-2.jpg\" data-width=\"2353\" data-height=\"2238\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aa0a48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9aa0a48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 2.<\/strong> Lokale og regionale husdyrraser som brukes i transhumans i Europa; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/figures\/major-mountain-ranges-of-europe-1\">bakgrunnskart<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c63c5a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c63c5a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eff15f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3eff15f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tabell 2.<\/strong> Estimert antall husdyr inkludert i transhumans per prosjektpartnerland.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e691d30 eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"e691d30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"e691d30\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-e691d30\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-e691d30\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Land<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Frankrike<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Tyskland<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Hellas<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Ungarn<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Italia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Norge<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Slovakia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Spania<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Antall husdyr<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Alpene og Provence: 770 000 sauer,<\/p>\n<p>90 000 storfe,<\/p>\n<p>15 000 geiter,<\/p>\n<p>2000 hester<\/p>\n<p>Jura: 35 000 storfe<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>50 000 storfe,<\/p>\n<p>115 000 sauer<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>60 000 storfe,<\/p>\n<p>934 000 sauer &amp; geiter<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">20,000<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>266 000 sauer &amp; geiter,<\/p>\n<p>215 000 storfe<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>365 000 storfe (forflytning i autonome regioner)<\/p>\n<p>45 000 storfe (ut av autonome regioner)<\/p>\n<p>30 000 storfe (tilbake til autonome regioner)<\/p>\n<p>450 000 sauer (forflytning i autonome regioner)<\/p>\n<p>50 000 sauer (forflytning mellom autonome regioner)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Andel av husdyr (%)<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">ca. 22<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>&lt; Storfe; &lt; 1<\/p>\n<p>Sau; ca. 8 <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>&lt; Storfe; &lt; 6,5<\/p>\n<p>Geit- og saueflokker; ca. 7,5 <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Sau &amp; geit; 2,2<\/p>\n<p>Storfe og b\u00f8ffel; 3,6<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Storfe; 6<\/p>\n<p>Sau; 3<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be41b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be41b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Lokale og regionale husdyrraser i Frankrike<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Et spesielt stort antall lokale og regionale raser brukes til transhumans i Frankrike. I Alpene brukes for eksempel melkekyrraser som Tarentaise storfe, Abondance storfe og Montb\u00e9liarde. Rasene produserer melk kjent for sine gode ysteegenskaper. I Pyreneene er Blonde d&#8217;Aquitaine en vanlig storferase som brukes til kj\u00f8ttproduksjon. I tillegg til det store utvalget av storferaser forekommer en rekke forskjellige saueraser i Frankrike. Bare i Massif Central beiter ti endemiske saueraser. I Pyreneene brukes rasene Basco-b\u00e9arnaise, Manech T\u00eate rousse og T\u00eate noire til melkeproduksjon, rasene Rouge du Roussillon, Castillonaise, Tarasconnaise, Aure et Campan, Bar\u00e9geoise og Lourdaise til kj\u00f8ttproduksjon.      <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45ee4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e45ee4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b354e74 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b354e74\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdfb004 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bdfb004\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Transhumansut\u00f8vere<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93913a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93913a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Det er identifisert en rekke ulike transhumansut\u00f8vere; b\u00f8nder (mannlige og kvinnelige), medlemmer av b\u00f8ndenes familier, innleide gjetere og budeier (mannlige og kvinnelige; ansvarlig for melking og prosessering av melk) (Figur 3);<\/p>\n<p>Transhumansut\u00f8vere er hovedsakelig menn \u2013 gjetere og mannlige budeier, med Norge som det eneste unntaket der budeier er vanligvis kvinner;<\/p>\n<p>I Frankrike er det registrert en \u00f8kende trend av kvinnelige gjetere;<\/p>\n<p>Det er (blant annet p\u00e5 grunn av immigrasjon) en \u00f8kende andel utenlandske transhumansut\u00f8vere;<\/p>\n<p>Det er en betydelig mangel p\u00e5 sentralisert, konsistent og sammenlignbar statistikk over transhumansut\u00f8vere over hele kontinentet (Tabell 3).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28597e0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28597e0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88bab26 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"88bab26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-3-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"88bab26\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figur 3. Eksempler p\u00e5 transhumansut\u00f8vere\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDEyNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXItMy1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiODhiYWIyNiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-3-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2075\" data-height=\"2560\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dba3bcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dba3bcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 3.<\/strong> Eksempler p\u00e5 transhumansut\u00f8vere; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/figures\/major-mountain-ranges-of-europe-1\">bakgrunnskart<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e98f517 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e98f517\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc69a3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc69a3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tabell 3.<\/strong> Transhumansut\u00f8vere og g\u00e5rder eller setrer involvert i transhumans i utvalgte TRANSFARM-prosjektpartnerland.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-814f274 eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"814f274\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"814f274\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-814f274\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-814f274\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Land<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Frankrike<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Tyskland<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Hellas<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Ungarn<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Italia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Norge<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Slovakia<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Spania<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Antall ut\u00f8vere av transhumans<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Ca. 20 000 gjetere <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">2600 eller f\u00e6rre b\u00f8nder<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Ca. 100 - 500 ut\u00f8vere <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">&gt; 8000 ut\u00f8vere<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">G\u00e5rder\/ setrer involvert i transhumans<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Ca. 60 000 g\u00e5rder <\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>3 300 g\u00e5rder med sau &amp; geit<\/p>\n<p>940 g\u00e5rder med storfe<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">780 setrer<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">-<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">8400 g\u00e5rder<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48009e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48009e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Gjetere i Hellas<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>I Hellas tilh\u00f8rer transhumansut\u00f8vere tradisjonelt sett tre etniske grupper <em>Vlachoi<\/em>, <em>Sarakatsanaioi <\/em> og <em>Koupatsaraioi<\/em>. Fra 1600-tallet og utover delte valakene seg i to grupper. Den ene gruppen fortsatte \u00e5 drive tradisjonell transhumans mens den andre gruppen ble permanent bosatt. Den sistnevnte gruppen fikk navnet <em>Koupatsaraioi<\/em>. <em>Sarakatsanaioi <\/em> ble f\u00f8rst nevnt i 1847 og er saue- og geiteb\u00f8nder som etablerte sine samlekveer for sau utenfor landsbygdene. De hadde ikke faste boliger, men satte opp ikke-permanente bygninger og reiste over store avstander med husdyrene sine.     <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79ddd77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79ddd77\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d27b7da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d27b7da\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2968506 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2968506\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ulike former for transhumans<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4f828f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4f828f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dagens transhumans dekker et bredt spekter av forflytningsm\u00f8nstre (Figur 4).<\/p>\n<p>Den vanligste forflytningen er fra lavereliggende tilholdssteder om vinteren til h\u00f8yereliggende sommerbeiter, blant annet p\u00e5 grunn av begrenset plass i lavlandet. P\u00e5 grunn av klimatiske forhold er h\u00f8yereliggende beitemarker kun tilgjengelige om sommeren. <\/p>\n<p>Avstanden husdyrene f\u00f8res over varierer betydelig mellom land og regioner, b\u00e5de i h\u00f8yde- og lengdemeter.<\/p>\n<p>Forflytning skjer hovedsakelig med kj\u00f8ret\u00f8y (f.eks. lastebiler, tilhengere), men det forekommer fortsatt forflytning til fots.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e72868d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e72868d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ad14c7 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"7ad14c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-4-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"7ad14c7\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figur 4. Ulike forflytningsm\u00f8nstre praktisert innen transhumans i de ulike landene i Europa\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDEzMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXItNC1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiN2FkMTRjNyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-4-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2174\" data-height=\"2560\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-415469b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"415469b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 4.<\/strong> Ulike forflytningsm\u00f8nstre praktisert innen transhumans i de ulike landene i Europa.<br \/>NB: Dersom buskapen blir transportert med kj\u00f8ret\u00f8y blir forflytningen til sommerbeite ikke etappevis. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdefd6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bdefd6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Reiseavstander i Hellas<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reiseavstander kan variere mye innenfor ett land, som eksemplet Hellas viser. Sm\u00e5 lokale forflyttinger forekommer s\u00e5 vel som forflyttinger opp til 50 km, men ogs\u00e5 reiser over middelsstore avstander, dvs. over 50 km, og opp til 100 km. Forflyttinger opp til 100 km forekommer hovedsakelig i den sentrale og vestlige delen av landet og p\u00e5 Peloponnes. Langdistanseforflyttinger p\u00e5 mer enn 100 km og opptil 200 km er typiske for den \u00f8stlige delen av Thessalia og forekommer ofte i Aitoloakarnania, i den vestlige delen av Sentral-Hellas. Selv sv\u00e6rt lange reiser p\u00e5 mer enn 200 km og opptil 350 km forekommer. Disse er typiske reiser fra den sentrale delen av landet til den vestlige og nordlige delen av Hellas.    <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d55656d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d55656d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Forflyttingsm\u00f8nstre i Frankrike<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frankrike er et eksempel p\u00e5 et land med en spesielt stor variasjon i forflyttingsm\u00f8nstre som forekommer i forskjellige regioner. En vertikal bevegelse med storfe er for eksempel vanlig i Alpene der sommerbeite starter senest f\u00f8r 15. juli og slutter etter 15. september, men kan forlenges s\u00e5 lenge som til etter 15. oktober. Reiseavstandene er vanligvis korte, men forflyttingen mellom Provence og de nordlige Alpene g\u00e5r over ca. 500 km. Det er en trend \u00e5 la produktive dyr heller beite i lavereliggende omr\u00e5der, og dermed redusere beitepresset i st\u00f8rre h\u00f8yder. Vinterflytting med storfe og sau fra h\u00f8yereliggende omr\u00e5der til slettene skjer for eksempel s\u00f8r for Massif Central hvor flere flokker fra Causses og C\u00e9vennes-omr\u00e5det flytter til lavlandet for \u00e5 beite ving\u00e5rder og buskomr\u00e5der. En lignende forflytting skjer i Pyreneene. I tillegg til disse heller vertikale forflyttingene, forekommer horisontale forflyttinger p\u00e5 sletter i omr\u00e5der som saltsumpene i Somme or Mont Saint Michel.      <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cc382d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8cc382d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1172ada e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1172ada\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d4ffdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d4ffdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Form\u00e5l &amp; produkter<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c02949 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c02949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hovedform\u00e5let med transhumans er \u00e5 utnytte beiteressurser. Transhumansut\u00f8vere fremstiller en rekke forskjellige produkter: melk og meieriprodukter (f.eks. ost og yoghurt) samt kj\u00f8tt og kj\u00f8ttprodukter (f.eks. p\u00f8lser). <\/p>\n<p>Ull, som historisk sett har v\u00e6rt et verdifullt produkt, har g\u00e5tt ned i verdi. Landskapsforvaltning blir et stadig viktigere form\u00e5l med transhumans, for eksempel i forvaltning av verneomr\u00e5der (Figur 5). <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a597d2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a597d2c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-899baee elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"899baee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-5-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"899baee\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figur 5. Form\u00e5l med og kjerneprodukter fra transhumans i et utvalg av europeiske land\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXItNS1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiODk5YmFlZSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-5-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"2049\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df1c13e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df1c13e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 5.<\/strong> Form\u00e5l med og kjerneprodukter fra transhumans i et utvalg av europeiske land; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/figures\/major-mountain-ranges-of-europe-1\">bakgrunnskart<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec74763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec74763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Ullproduksjon i Spania<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Produksjon av ull har historisk sett v\u00e6rt en viktig inntektskilde for transhumansut\u00f8vere. Merinorasen som produserer ull av h\u00f8y kvalitet ble avlet frem i Spania i middelalderen. Eksport av merinosau var forbudt inntil forbudet ble opphevet i 1760. I Spania var det \u00e5 drive med merino p\u00e5 sitt st\u00f8rste i senmiddelalderen og moderne tid. Etter andre verdenskrig har introduksjon av nye fibre p\u00e5virket l\u00f8nnsomheten i ullproduksjonen. Selv for ull av h\u00f8yeste kvalitet kan inntekten v\u00e6re for liten til \u00e5 dekke produksjonskostnadene. Gjetere kan til og med m\u00e5tte betale for avhending av ull.     <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abfa91a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abfa91a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Landskapsforvaltning<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I flere TRANSFARM-prosjektland har landskapsforvaltning kommet som et nytt form\u00e5l med transhumans. I hvilken grad landskapsforvaltning er viktig for transhumansut\u00f8vere varierer. For eksempel, i Slovakia er transhumans sv\u00e6rt viktig for forvaltning av verneomr\u00e5der. Regelmessig beiting hindrer gjengroing av fjellbeite med busker og tr\u00e6r og bidrar til \u00e5 bevare beiteavhengige arter. Ogs\u00e5 i Ungarn, hvor det meste av dagens transhumans skjer i verneomr\u00e5der, er transhumans sv\u00e6rt viktig for landskapsforvaltning. Her har nasjonalparkdirektorater egne flokker med det form\u00e5let \u00e5 bevare enger. I Italia derimot, er transhumans ikke tillatt i verneomr\u00e5der, som for eksempel langs elver.       <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb336f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eb336f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b4f9a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b4f9a7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f58fc44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f58fc44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Verdi &amp; betydning<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbf4bb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbf4bb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I alle partnerlandene har transhumans historisk sett v\u00e6rt et viktig sosio\u00f8konomisk produksjonssystem. Selv om inntektene har g\u00e5tt ned, og betydningen av \u00e5 v\u00e6re selvforsynt er redusert i nyere tid, representerer transhumans en viktig kulturarv. <\/p>\n<p>De materielle og immaterielle verdiene av kulturarven er anerkjent nasjonalt og internasjonalt, og inneb\u00e6rer nye \u00f8konomiske muligheter for rurale omr\u00e5der gjennom turisme. <\/p>\n<p>Transhumans tilf\u00f8rer viktig kunnskap om hvordan man b\u00e5de utnytter marginale ressurser og lager produkter av h\u00f8y kvalitet. Med en \u00f8kende ettersp\u00f8rsel etter lokalprodusert mat vil slik kunnskap ha stadig st\u00f8rre betydning. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2582d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2582d3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9527d2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"f9527d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-10.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"f9527d2\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figur 6. Eksempler p\u00e5 verdier skapt av transhumansut\u00f8vere i Europa gjennom tidene.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE0OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXItMTAuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZjk1MjdkMiJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-10.jpg\" data-width=\"1936\" data-height=\"1730\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fbc482 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fbc482\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 6.<\/strong> Eksempler p\u00e5 verdier skapt av transhumansut\u00f8vere i Europa gjennom tidene.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-939f4a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"939f4a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Kulturminneverdier<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>I Italia forbinder <em>tratturiene <\/em> \u2013 eldgamle stier \u2013 Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia og Basilicata. Disse stiene har spilt en n\u00f8kkelrolle i landskapets historie. Tidligere ble deres st\u00f8rrelse og bruksm\u00e5te regulert, og landlige og urbane bosetninger ble utviklet langs dem. Lover for \u00e5 beskytte <em>tratturiene <\/em> har eksistert siden 1939. Anerkjennelsen av transhumans som UNESCOs immateriell kulturarv er sterkt st\u00f8ttet av lokale aksjonsgrupper som er interessert i bevaring og vedlikehold av transhumans. I Norge er et bredt spekter av tradisjoner knyttet til transhumans som flytting av husdyr og foredling av melk. Disse inkluderer utvalgskriterier for hvilken ku som skal b\u00e6re den (st\u00f8rste) bjellen, lokk eller korte sanger for \u00e5 kalle til seg husdyret for melking og tro p\u00e5 underjordsfolket.      <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1802f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1802f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Transhumanslandskapene og deres verdier<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transhumans og relaterte praksiser, som beite, former landskapene. Transhumans fjerner og hindrer busker og tr\u00e6r i \u00e5 etablere seg og skaper og bidrar til bevaring av biologisk mangfoldige landskap. Beiteomr\u00e5der brukt for transhumans har et av de h\u00f8yeste floristiske mangfold i Europa, og rikdom av andre arter som insekter og pattedyr er avhengig av beiteaktiviteter. \u00c5 fjerne tr\u00e6r og busker reduserer mengde ved tilgjengelig for skogbranner og dermed skogbrannenes intensitet. Kontroll av branner forhindrer jordforringelse siden skogbranner kan f\u00f8re til alvorlig jorderosjon. Nedgang i transhumans resulterer i omfattende landskapsendringer. I Norge gror omr\u00e5der \u00e5pnet opp av seterdrift igjen og arter avhengig av husdyrbeite g\u00e5r ned. Materiell kulturarv som grunnmurer til tidligere bygninger blir mindre synlige og gjengroende landskap er vanskeligere \u00e5 navigere og mindre attraktive for fritidsaktiviteter og ikke minst for fremtidig beite.       <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daa118a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"daa118a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1584606 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1584606\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ba9df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51ba9df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Juridisk situasjon &amp; finansiering<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42c487a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42c487a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I all hovedsak er b\u00f8nder, gjetere eller selskaper som ut\u00f8ver transhumans ogs\u00e5 eiere av husdyrene.<\/p>\n<p>Beiteomr\u00e5dene kan ha forskjellige typer eiere: offentlig forvaltning (f.eks. stat eller kommune), lokalsamfunn, b\u00f8nder og andre private eiere.<\/p>\n<p>Transhumans blir finansiert og mottar tilskudd p\u00e5 linje med annet landbruk, som f.eks. gjennom EUs felles landbrukspolitikk og gjennom rovdyrerstatning. I noen land f\u00e5r man betaling for landskapsforvaltning (f.eks. Tyskland og Ungarn). I noen land er det ogs\u00e5 avsatt egne midler til transhumans (Figur 7).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14bab80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14bab80\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6601e26 eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"6601e26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"6601e26\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-6601e26\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-6601e26\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Tilskudd er tilgjengelig<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Tilskudd er ikke tilgjengelig<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Norge<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Spania<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Frankrike<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Ungarn<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Tyskland<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Slovakia<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Italia<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Hellas<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-286808b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"286808b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 7.<\/strong> Tilgangen til finansiering i TRANSFARM-prosjektets partnerland spesielt rettet mot transhumans<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f75eab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f75eab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I noen land f\u00e5r man betalt for landskapsforvaltning (f.eks. i Tyskland og Ungarn), mens i andre ikke. I noen land mottar ut\u00f8vere av transhumance finansiering som er rettet mot transhumance. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9408c33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9408c33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Transhumansforeninger<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I Frankrike er transhumans hovedsakelig organisert gjennom felles beiteforeninger: \u2018beiteland foreninger\u2019 og \u2018beitegrupper\u2019. De samler grunneiere, organiserer vedlikehold, jordvern og teknisk utstyr, forvalter antall turister, osv. I Norge har Norsk Seterkultur som m\u00e5l \u00e5 fremme seterdrift og \u00f8ke kunnskap blant medlemmene. Dessuten pr\u00f8ver foreningen \u00e5 p\u00e5virke rammene for transhumansut\u00f8vernes virksomhet. Denne typen foreninger bidrar til \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans og til \u00e5 synliggj\u00f8re transhumans.    <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8df669 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f8df669\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-893d8d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"893d8d5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c18d620 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c18d620\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yrkesutdanning, oppl\u00e6ringstilbud &amp; mangler<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aacbd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8aacbd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Erfaringer fra alle land viser at uformell formidling mellom transhumansut\u00f8vere er sentralt for \u00e5 tilegne seg og videreutvikle kunnskap og ferdigheter.<\/p>\n<p>Mulighetene for yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring i transhumans varierer veldig mellom landene (Figur 8).<\/p>\n<p>I mange land tilbyr private og offentlige organisasjoner kurs i f.eks. gjeting, hygieneforskrifter eller osteproduksjon, men f\u00e5 land tilbyr en samlet oppl\u00e6ring ett sted.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a60b6fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a60b6fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 8.<\/strong> Utdanningstilbud for, og om ut\u00f8velse av transhumans i et utvalg av europeiske land. NB.: Det \u00e5 l\u00e6re av andre transhumansut\u00f8vere er viktig for \u00e5 tilegne seg kunnskap i alle land. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1125d27 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1125d27\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f4ad35 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f4ad35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a328395 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a328395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frankrike<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b3b7de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b3b7de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d21a027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d21a027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Egne oppl\u00e6ringssentre<\/li>\n<li>Oppl\u00e6ring gjennom gjeterorganisasjoner<\/li>\n<li>Utdanningstilbud ved to videreg\u00e5ende skoler<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ec07f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65ec07f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a28437 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a28437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spania<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52294a7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"52294a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcc62d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcc62d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Privatskoler for gjetere<\/li>\n<li>Kurs i ulike temaer innenfor transhumans<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baec1a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"baec1a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-891ea39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"891ea39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Norge<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58e932d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58e932d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cd93e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cd93e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ingen fullstendige utdannelstilbud innen transhumans<\/li>\n<li>Tilbud p\u00e5 noen videreg\u00e5endeskoler og setrer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a9d5c0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a9d5c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e82d64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e82d64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Italia<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-032e300 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"032e300\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cb3f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cb3f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ingen tilbud for yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring<\/li>\n<li>Nylige fors\u00f8k p\u00e5 \u00e5 etablere tilbud<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-221826b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"221826b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b65273d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b65273d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Slovakia<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd895ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd895ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb31a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eb31a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ingen spesifikke tilbud for yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring<\/li>\n<li>Ulike initiativ til oppl\u00e6ringstilbud innen relaterte temaer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FCC400\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e73d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63e73d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6a62c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c6a62c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tyskland<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81cedf7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"81cedf7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aab1fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0aab1fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ingen tilbud for yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring<\/li>\n<li>Fors\u00f8k p\u00e5 \u00e5 etablere tilbud, samt ulike inititativ til oppl\u00e6ringstilbud fra organisasjoner og foreninger for gjetere<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18e4ad2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18e4ad2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58e3a09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58e3a09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ungarn<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d80ac33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d80ac33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f32b7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f32b7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ingen tilbud for yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#EB9F54\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27c1192 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27c1192\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b2d284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b2d284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hellas<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c08a42 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c08a42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-021d6a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"021d6a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Ingen tilbud for yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d5d863 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4d5d863\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08b8122 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08b8122\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-845fd98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"845fd98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tilgjengelig kunnskap<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32689d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32689d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Det er store forskjeller mellom landene i b\u00e5de tilgang og tilgjengelighet til kunnskap om transhumans.<\/p>\n<p>Noen informasjonskilder og -steder om transhumans, som museer, filmfestivaler, forskningsaktiviteter og folkefestivaler er imidlertid felles for alle landene (Figur 9).<\/p>\n<p>Lettere tilgang til kunnskap om transhumans er n\u00f8dvendig for \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten blant folk generelt i alle prosjektlandene.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89428f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c89428f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-046562f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"046562f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-6.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"046562f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figur 9. Eksempler p\u00e5 kilder og steder for kunnskapsoverf\u00f8ring, og som er identifisert gjennom TRANSFARM-prosjektet i et utvalg av europeiske land\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE1NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXItNi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIwNDY1NjJmIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-6.jpg\" data-width=\"2172\" data-height=\"1886\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed52969 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed52969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 9.<\/strong> Eksempler p\u00e5 kilder og steder for kunnskapsoverf\u00f8ring, og som er identifisert gjennom TRANSFARM-prosjektet i et utvalg av europeiske land<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-528fdb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"528fdb4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d09fa4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d09fa4f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8734a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8734a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bevissthet<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcdd85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1dcdd85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Folk som bor n\u00e6r eller har en famili\u00e6r tilknytning til landbruk, har en h\u00f8yere bevissthet om transhumans, enn de som ikke har et forhold til landbruk.<\/p>\n<p>Den begrensede tilgangen til data p\u00e5 tvers av landene gir ikke grunnlag for \u00e5 sammenligne i hvilken grad allmennheten kjenner til transhumans, og heller ikke nok grunnlag for \u00e5 p\u00e5vise tydelige trender.<\/p>\n<p>I flere land blir det gjennomf\u00f8rt aktiviteter (Figur 10) for \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans. For eksempel blir det arrangert festivaler for \u00e5 feire at husdyrene kommer hjem fra fjellbeitene (f.eks. i Frankrike), og setrer tar imot bes\u00f8kende.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d980f48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d980f48\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0866e79 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"0866e79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;justified&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:600,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;ideal_row_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;ideal_row_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:150,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_laptop&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-7-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0866e79\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Figur 10. Eksempler p\u00e5 aktiviteter for \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDE2NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3RyYWluaW5nLnRyYW5zZmFybS1lcmFzbXVzLmV1XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvRmlndXItNy1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMDg2NmU3OSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figur-7-scaled.jpg\" data-width=\"2560\" data-height=\"2038\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddf6f21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddf6f21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 10.<\/strong> Eksempler p\u00e5 aktiviteter for \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffb5de5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffb5de5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I rekken av tiltak som kan bidra til \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans, er det er verdt \u00e5 merke seg at transhumans fikk status som immateriell kulturarv p\u00e5 UNESCO\u2019s verdensarvliste i 2019.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-510c828 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"510c828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Bevisstgj\u00f8rende aktiviteter<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Festivaler knyttet til transhumansaktiviteter bidrar til \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans. I Ungarn bidrar festivaler, som \u2018sauelapskausfestivalen\u2019 i Karcag til \u00e5 gj\u00f8re folk oppmerksomme p\u00e5 de kulturelle verdiene ved transhumans. I Frankrike er flere filmfestivaler helt eller delvis viet transhumans, og fra Provence til Alpene feires en rekke gjeter- og fjellbeitefestivaler p\u00e5 slutten av v\u00e5ren. De fleste av dem ble etablert p\u00e5 begynnelsen av 1990-tallet.   <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e56c8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e56c8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca93e2e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca93e2e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b63f207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b63f207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utfordringer<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bc06ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bc06ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Transhumans og de verdiene som transhumansut\u00f8vere skaper er i liten grad anerkjent.<\/p>\n<p>Antallet transhumansut\u00f8vere g\u00e5r ned, noe som medf\u00f8rer nedgang i tilgjengelig arbeidskraft. Dette f\u00f8rer til betraktelig f\u00e6rre muligheter for kunnskapsoverf\u00f8ring, da oppl\u00e6ringen i stor grad gis av andre ut\u00f8vere. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c3af22 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c3af22\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fde8acb eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"fde8acb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"fde8acb\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-fde8acb\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-fde8acb\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">HOVEDUTFORDRINGER FOR TRANSHUMANS<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Synkende antall transhumansut\u00f8vere<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Fremtidig \u00f8konomisk st\u00f8tte og \u00f8konomisk b\u00e6rekraft<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Utforderinger med ulv<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Tilgang til vann og beiteressurser<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"3\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Spania Frankrike<\/p>\n<p>Norge Hellas<\/p>\n<p>Tyskland Slovakia<\/p>\n<p>Ungarn<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"3\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Spania Frankrike<\/p>\n<p>Norge Slovakia<\/p>\n<p>Tyskland Hellas<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Italia Frankrike Slovakia<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Frankrike Slovakia<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">Arealkonflikter i lavlandet<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\"><p>Spania Frankrike Italia<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-533cf24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"533cf24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Figur 11.<\/strong> Identifiserte hovedutfordringer for transhumans i et utvalg av europeiske land i TRANSFARM-prosjektet<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6395839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6395839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Usikkerhet og alvorlige bekymringer rundt fremtidig \u00f8konomisk st\u00f8tte tyder p\u00e5 at l\u00f8nnsomhet er en utfordring og en avgj\u00f8rende faktor for om folk vil fortsette eller starte med transhumans. Det er en \u00f8kende konkurranse om arealer i lavlandet mellom transhumansut\u00f8vere som vil benytte omr\u00e5der til beitemark, og by- og eiendomsutviklere som vil bygge ut. Betydelige endringer i de naturlige omgivelsene som ulvens tilbakekomst og p\u00e5virkningen fra klimaendringer p\u00e5 beitemark og vanntilf\u00f8rsel, utgj\u00f8r en trussel og gir utfordringer for tilgangen til ressurser. De nasjonale rapportene fremhever ogs\u00e5 andre utfordringer som, fragmentering av arealer, nedgang i kj\u00f8ttkonsumet, sentralisering av jordbruket samt praktiske og logistikkmessige utfordringer.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdb3472 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdb3472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Ulver<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I Frankrike er reetablering av ulv, for tiden til stede i alle fjellkjeder som brukes til transhumans, men spesielt i Alpene, en viktig utfordring for transhumansut\u00f8vere. En mulighet for \u00e5 beskytte husdyr er bruk av sikre innhegninger for sauene om natten. Bruk av slikt utstyr begrenser beite til omr\u00e5der hvor innhegningene kan etableres, og daglige bevegelser vil reduseres til avstander som gj\u00f8r det mulig \u00e5 komme tilbake til innhegningene for natten. Bruk av vakthunder er et annet alternativ for \u00e5 beskytte flokkene. Dette kan imidlertid f\u00f8re til konflikter n\u00e5r fjellomr\u00e5der brukes til fritidsaktiviteter. Hunder kan angripe turg\u00e5ere som (uvitende) oppf\u00f8rer seg p\u00e5 m\u00e5ter som hundene oppfatter som en trussel mot flokkene deres, for eksempel \u00e5 komme for n\u00e6rme eller inn i en flokk. \u00c5 gi informasjon til turg\u00e5ere er et viktig tiltak for \u00e5 unng\u00e5 denne typen konflikter.      <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f12c79 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f12c79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b26bffb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b26bffb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cffbb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cffbb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Konklusjoner &amp; veien videre<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fc090e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fc090e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Denne rapporten har tydelig fremhevet at transhumans er en berikelse for landlige omr\u00e5der. Transhumans gir attraktive og mangfoldige landskap, materiell og immateriell kulturarv, matprodukter av h\u00f8y kvalitet, og den er en viktig del av en levende bygdekultur. Imidlertid har det synkende antallet transhumansut\u00f8vere blitt fremhevet som en av hovedutfordringene for \u00e5 opprettholde og utvikle transhumans i landene som er representert i TRANSFARM-prosjektet. Det er et stort behov for \u00e5 gj\u00f8re transhumans attraktivt nok til \u00e5 konkurrere med andre typer yrker. Det er derfor viktig \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans og ut\u00f8vernes behov. For eksempel m\u00e5 tilgang til beitemark sikres, spesielt i lavlandet. Opprettholdelsen av transhumans ser ut til \u00e5 v\u00e6re truet av bekymringer om fremtidig \u00f8konomisk st\u00f8tte og levedyktighet, noe som betyr at \u00f8kte og sikrede \u00f8konomiske insentiver rettet mot transhumansut\u00f8vere er viktige for fremtidens transhumans.     <\/p>\n<p>Et synkende antall transhumansut\u00f8vere har ikke bare hatt innvirkning p\u00e5 i hvilken grad transhumans blir praktisert, men ogs\u00e5 p\u00e5 oppl\u00e6ringsmuligheter for andre ut\u00f8vere. Overf\u00f8ring av kunnskap mellom ulike generasjoner av ut\u00f8vere, og \u00e5 l\u00e6re av hverandre er like viktig i dag som tidligere. Derfor er det viktig \u00e5 st\u00f8tte plattformer for kunnskapsutveksling, som foreninger for transhumansut\u00f8vere, for \u00e5 opprettholde og videreformidle kunnskap. Antall utdanningstilbud og i hvilken grad de er institusjonaliserte varierer sterkt mellom partnerlandene. \u00c5 gj\u00f8re utdanningstilbud tilgjengelige vil bidra til kunnskapsutveksling og l\u00e6ring, og til \u00e5 gj\u00f8re transhumansyrket mer attraktivt.    <\/p>\n<p>Denne rapporten har vist at det forekommer et bredt spekter av transhumans i partnerlandene. For \u00e5 fremme og \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans og dens verdier, er det viktig \u00e5 st\u00f8tte alle ulike former for transhumans. Ikke minst er det n\u00f8dvendig med mer kunnskap om transhumans, spesielt n\u00e5r det gjelder \u00e5 tilgjengeliggj\u00f8re og samle inn data som er sammenlignbare p\u00e5 tvers av landegrenser. Det kan v\u00e6re kunnskap om bevisstheten rundt transhumans, og statistikk f.eks. over antall ut\u00f8vere og husdyr som er involvert i transhumans.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a72296c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a72296c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d5c2bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d5c2bd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58a32fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58a32fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Litteratur &amp; tilleggsressurser<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6f0e1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6f0e1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Denne delen gjengir et utvalg av referanser til litteratur om transhumans og andre ressurser for land- og stedspesifikk informasjon om transhumans.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66ae57e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66ae57e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Europa<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b7f4a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b7f4a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.farmingfornature.ie\/resources\/best-practice-guides\">farmingfornature.ie\/resources\/best-practice-guides<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bele, B., Nielsen, V. K. S. N., Orejas, A. &amp; Tejedo, J. A. R. 2021. Intangible cultural heritage of transhumance landscapes: their roles and values \u2013 examples from Norway, France and Spain. In: Bowden, M. &amp; Herring, P. (eds.) Transhumance. Papers from the International Association of Landscape Archaeology Conference, Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. 111-128.    <\/p>\n<p>Daugstad, K., Mier, M. F. &amp; Pe\u00f1aChocarro, L. 2014. Landscapes of transhumance in Norway and Spain: Farmers&#8217; practices, perceptions, and value orientations. Nor. J. Geogr.    68, 248-258.<\/p>\n<p>Potthoff, K., Smrekar, A., Hribar, M. \u0160. &amp; Urbanc, M. 2020. The past and perspective development of pasturing and tourism in the mountains: Insights from Norway and Slovenia. Geografski vestnik 92, 81-99.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3234427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3234427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frankrike<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0564c9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0564c9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intangible cultural heritage inventory sheet, Practices and know-how of transhumance in France (Fiche d\u2019inventaire du patrimoine culturel immat\u00e9riel, les pratiques et savoir-faire de la transhumance en France), 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Roinc\u00e9 C., Seegers J., \u00c9tude prospective du pastoralisme fran\u00e7ais dans le contexte de la pr\u00e9dation exerc\u00e9e par le loup, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ProjetPastoM, Propositions partag\u00e9es pour am\u00e9liorer les soutiens \u00e0 l\u2019agropastoralisme de montagne, Paris, R\u00e9seau rural national, 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UICN France, Panorama des services \u00e9cologiques fournis par les milieux naturels en France \u2013 volume 2.4 : les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes montagnards. Paris, France, 2014. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gelin M, Quelles formes de transhumance dans les \u00e9levages europ\u00e9ens, et quels enjeux (patrimoniaux, socio-\u00e9conomiques, \u00e9cologiques, politiques) associ\u00e9s ? Synth\u00e8se bibliographique dans le cadre de la formation Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9levage de l\u2019Institut Agro &#8211; Montpellier SupAgro, 2020. <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2be7026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2be7026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tyskland<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec5d00e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec5d00e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blaschka, A., Ringdorfer, R., Huber, R. Guggenberger, T. &amp; P. Haslgr\u00fcbler 2014. Almrekultivierung durch gezielte Beweidung mit Schafen \u2013 Ergebnisse aus dem Almlammprojekt.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David Bollier &amp; Silke Helfrich (Ed.) (2015): Patterns of communing. The commons strategy Group. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft und Ern\u00e4hrung BLE (2021) Statistisches Jahrbuch \u00fcber Ern\u00e4hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten 2021<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Czerkus Gunther, Evelyn Mathias and Andreas Schenk; Bundesverband Berufssch\u00e4\u0308fer (German Association of Professional Shepherds) (2020); Accounting for pastoralists in Germany<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deutscher Bundestag (2019): Bedeutung der Wandersch\u00e4\u0308ferei f\u00fcr die Biodiversit\u00e4\u0308t in Deutschland. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf eine Anfrage der Gr\u00fcnen. Drucksache 19\/12778  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gerken, Bernd &amp; Martin G\u00f6rner (eds) (2000): Landscape Development with Large Hervibores. New Models and Practical Experiences. (Neue Modelle zu Ma\u00dfnahmen der Landschaftsentwicklung mit gro\u00dfen Pflanzenfressern. Praktische Erfahrungen bei der Umsetzung. In: Natur- und Kulturlandschaft. Band 4. Brakel.      <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hungen.de\/leben-wohnen\/gemeindeportrait-die-schaeferstadt\/\">Herder-City Hungen.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jacobeit, W. 1987 Schafhaltung und Sch\u00e4fer in Zentraleuropa bis zum Beginn des 20. Jh. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luick, R. (2004): Transhumance in Germany. Pp. 137\u201354 in: R.G.H. Bunce et al. (eds.). Transhumance and biodiversity in European mountains. Report of the EUFP5 project TRANSHUMOUNT (EVK2CT200280017). IALE publication series No 1.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treiber, R. 2019 Gew\u00f6hnlicher Wacholder und Feld-Mannstreu als Zeigerpflanzen historischer Beweidung im Kaiserstuhl und am s\u00fcdlichen Oberrhein. Available: ww.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce590fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce590fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hellas<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74efe1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"74efe1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ragkos A., 2022, Transhumance in Greece: Multifunctionality as an Asset for Sustainable Development. In Letizia Bindi (ed) Grazing Communities: Pastoralism on the Move and Biocultural Heritage Frictions (Environmental Anthropology and Ethnobiology, 29). Pp 23 -43.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Inventory of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Greece. Transhumant Livestock Farming. <a href=\"\">Available online<\/a> (accessed on 15 Decemper 2022). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chatzimichali \u0391., 2007. Sarakatsanoi, 2nd ed.; Angeliki Chatzimichali Foundation: Athina, Greece (In Greek).<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ec1b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51ec1b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ungarn<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f969882 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f969882\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pal\u00e1di-Kov\u00e1cs A. 1965: A keleti pal\u00f3cok p\u00e1sztorkod\u00e1sa. M\u0171v. Hagy. VII. Debrecen    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pal\u00e1di-Kov\u00e1cs A. 1993a: A magyar \u00e1llattart\u00f3 kult\u00fara korszakai. Kapcsolatok, v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok \u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti r\u00e9tegek a 19. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9ig. Budapest   <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Petercs\u00e1k V. 1979: K\u00f6zbirtokoss\u00e1gok, legeltet\u00e9si t\u00e1rsulatok a Hegyk\u00f6zben. HOM\u00c9 XVII\u2013XVIII. 261\u2013280. 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Atti della Giornata di Studi (Castel del Monte, 4 agosto 1990), Archeoclub d\u2019Italia &#8211; Sezione di Castel del Monte (AQ). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bindi L., 2019, \u201cBones\u201d and pathways. Transhumant tracks, inner areas and cultural heritage, in \u201cIl capitale culturale Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage\u201d, 19, Universit\u00e0 di Macerata. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cammerino A. R. B., Biscotti S., De Iulio R., Monteleone M, 2018, The sheep tracks of transhumance in the Apulia region (South Italy): steps to a strategy of agricultural landscape conservation, in \u201cApplied Ecology And Environmental Research\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aloki.hu\/\">available online.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liechti K., Biber J. P., 2016, Pastoralism in Europe: characteristics and challenges of highland-lowland transhumance, in Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 35 (2), 561-575.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motivazione della pratica agricola \u201cLa Transumanza\u201d, 2017, Registro nazionale dei Paesaggi Rurali, delle Pratiche Agricole e delle Conoscenze Tradizionali, available online:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reterurale.it\/flex\/cm\/pages\/ServeBLOB.php\/L\/IT\/IDPagina\/17434\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">06. La Transumanza (reterurale.it)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNESCO, Nomination file no. 01470 for inscription in 2019 on Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Fourth Session, Bogot\u00e0 Colombia.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9909292 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9909292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Norge<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb5d893 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb5d893\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bj\u00f8rlo, B. &amp; L\u00f8vberget, A. I. 2021. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beitebruk og seterdrift <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[Online]. Statistics Norway.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/jord-skog-jakt-og-fiskeri\/artikler-og-publikasjoner\/beitebruk-og-seterdrift\">Available online<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [Accessed 15.08.2022].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bunger, A. A. &amp; Haarsaker, V. 2020. F\u00e6rre og st\u00f8rre melkebruk \u2014 hva skjer med seterdrifta? Oslo: AgriAnalyse AS.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">F\u00f8nneb\u00f8, R. 1988. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Langs Nordmannsslepene over Hardangervidda. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 229 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gudheim, H. 2013. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kinning, bresting og ysting i Valdres sett i norsk og internasjonal samanheng. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mat &amp; Kultur AS, Vangsnes, 548 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reinton, L. 1955. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u00e6terbruket i Noreg I. S\u00e6tertypar og driftsformer.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> H. Aschehoug &amp; Co., Oslo, Norway, 481 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sevatdal, H. &amp; Grimstad, S. 2003. Norwegian Commons: history, status and challenges.  <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Berge, E. &amp; Carlsson, L. (eds.) <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commons: Old and New.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Department of Sociology and Political Science, NTNU, Trondheim, pp. 93-132.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solheim, S. 1952. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Norsk S\u00e6tertradisjon. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. Aschehoug &amp; Co., Oslo, 708 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stensgaard, K. 2019<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hvordan st\u00e5r det til p\u00e5 setra? Registrering av setermilj\u00f8er i perioden 2009\u20132015.   <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NIBIO, \u00c5s, 175 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strand, B. &amp; \u00d8deg\u00e5rd, N. T. (eds.) 2006. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">St\u00f8lsvidda. Ei bok om Ulnes og Svennes sameier.  <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">St\u00f8lsviddeprosjektet i Valdres, Valdres, 214 pp.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e8d26a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e8d26a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Slovakia<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-308e5a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"308e5a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10531-015-0969-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hre\u0161ko, J., Petrovi\u010d, F. &amp; Mi\u0161ovi\u010dov\u00e1, R. 2015. Mountain landscape archetypes of the Western Carpathians (Slovakia).  <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biodiversity and Conservation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 24: 3269\u20133283.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.agritech.cz\/clanky\/2017-2-2.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Makovick\u00fd, P. &amp; Marget\u00edn M. 2017. Sheep as livestock with significant non-productive function.  <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AgritechScience<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 11 (2): 1\u201310.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jan-Novak-16\/publication\/330005057_Salasnictvo_v_Karpatoch_-_Carpathian_mountain_sheep_milk_farming_pdf\/links\/5cdbe267299bf14d95989751\/Salasnictvo-v-Karpatoch-Carpathian-mountain-sheep-milk-farming-pdf.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nov\u00e1k, J. 2019. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sala\u0161n\u00edctvo v Karpatoch \u2013 Carpathian mountain sheep milk farming<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Nitra, p. 511. ISBN 978-80-570-0841-5.  <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51bd70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f51bd70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spania<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82ffd54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82ffd54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ant\u00f3n Burgos (2007) Trashumancia y turismo en Espa\u00f1a. Cuadernos de Turismo, n\u00ba 20, (2007); pp. 27-54 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Est\u00e9vez, \u00c1. B. (2017). Tras la huella de la trashumancia. In Los Santos de Maimona en la historia VIII y otros estudios de la Orden de Santiago (pp. 69-96). Asociaci\u00f3nhist\u00f3rico-cultural Maimona.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13570-020-00163-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fern\u00e1ndez-Gim\u00e9nez and Ritten Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice (2020) 10:10<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159\/harvard.9780674337206\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Klein, J. (2013). The Mesta: A Study in Spanish Economic History, 1273-1836, Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press. <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/es\/desarrollo-rural\/publicaciones\/publicaciones-de-desarrollo%5B1%5Drural\/LIBRO%20BLANCO%202013_tcm30-131212.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MAFE -Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment-(2013). Transhumance White Paper <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trashumanciaynaturaleza.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Informe_ovino_cadena_valor_v6.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zabalza, S., Linares, A., Astrain C., (2020) identificaci\u00f3n de barreras y oportunidades en la cadena de valor del ovino \u2013 caprino extensivo.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>om yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring for transhumansut\u00f8vere Hjem > Last ned pdf Innhold Introduksjon TRANSFARM-prosjektet (Yrkesutdannelse &amp; oppl\u00e6ring for transhumansut\u00f8vere), finansiert av ERASMUS+ programmet, har som m\u00e5l \u00e5 styrke transhumansut\u00f8vere og rurale entrepren\u00f8rer som \u00f8nsker \u00e5 starte eller opprettholde transhumans, og gi dem oppl\u00e6ringsmateriell. Samtidig \u00f8nsker prosjektet \u00e5 \u00f8ke bevisstheten om transhumans med s\u00e6rlig fokus p\u00e5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6513","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sammendragsrapport - Transfarm Training Platform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/training.transfarm-erasmus.eu\/summary-report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nb_NO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sammendragsrapport - Transfarm Training Platform\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"om yrkesutdanning og oppl\u00e6ring for transhumansut\u00f8vere Hjem &gt; Last ned pdf Innhold Introduksjon TRANSFARM-prosjektet (Yrkesutdannelse &amp; oppl\u00e6ring for transhumansut\u00f8vere), finansiert av ERASMUS+ programmet, har som m\u00e5l \u00e5 styrke transhumansut\u00f8vere og rurale entrepren\u00f8rer som \u00f8nsker \u00e5 starte eller opprettholde transhumans, og gi dem oppl\u00e6ringsmateriell. 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